The DOI matches its Crossref record; 156 of the 156 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Exosomes: biogenesis, biologic function and clinical potential
Open accessAbstract
Exosomes are nano-sized biovesicles released into surrounding body fluids upon fusion of multivesicular bodies and the plasma membrane. They were shown to carry cell-specific cargos of proteins, lipids, and genetic materials, and can be selectively taken up by neighboring or distant cells far from their release, reprogramming the recipient cells upon their bioactive compounds. Therefore, the regulated formation of exosomes, specific makeup of their cargo, cell-targeting specificity are of immense biological interest considering extremely high potential of exosomes as non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers, as well as therapeutic nanocarriers. In present review, we outline and discuss recent progress in the elucidation of the regulatory mechanisms of exosome biogenesis, the molecular composition of exosomes, and technologies used in exosome research. Furthermore, we focus on the potential use of exosomes as valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for their cell-lineage and state-specific contents, and possibilities as therapeutic vehicles for drug and gene delivery. Exosome research is now in its infancy, in-depth understanding of subcellular components and mechanisms involved in exosome formation and specific cell-targeting will bring light on their physiological activities.
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In the citing paper
“Exosomes originate from the endosomal pathway and are released by fusion of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) and plasma membranes, with sizes ranging from 30 to 150 nm [120, 121].”
From Extracellular vesicles as nanotheranostic platforms for targeted neurological disorder interventions (2024) · cites this paper as [120]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Zhang et al. reported that exosomes were crucial not only for cell-to-cell communications, but also for metabolic and cellular processes, and the regulation of biological processes [67].”
From Exosome-functionalized magnesium-organic framework-based scaffolds with osteogenic, angiogenic and anti-inflammatory properties for accelerated bone regeneration. (2022) · cites this paper as [67]
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2 retracted
Zhao, Y., Haney, M. J., Gupta, R., Bohnsack, J. P., He, Z., Kabanov, A. V., & Batrakova, E. V. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0106867 · Cited by 144
RetractedHaney, M. J., Zhao, Y., Harrison, E. B., Mahajan, V., Ahmed, S., He, Z., Suresh, P., Hingtgen, S., Klyachko, N. L., Mosley, R. L., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0061852 · Cited by 144
RetractedRepertoires of Autophagy in the Pathogenesis of Ocular Diseases
Li, Y., Jiang, Q. L., Cao, G.-F., Yao, J., & Yan, B. (2015) · Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1159/000373980 · Cited by 16,351
Valadi, H., Ekström, K., Bossios, A., Sjöstrand, M., Lee, J. J., & Lötvall, J. O. (2007) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/ncb1596 · Cited by 12,834
Isolation and Characterization of Exosomes from Cell Culture Supernatants and Biological Fluids
Théry, C., Amigorena, S., Raposo, G., & Clayton, A. (2006) · Current Protocols in Cell Biology · doi:10.1002/0471143030.cb0322s30 · Cited by 5,766
Delivery of siRNA to the mouse brain by systemic injection of targeted exosomes
Alvarez-Erviti, L., Seow, Y., Yin, H., Betts, C., Lakhal, S., & Wood, M. J. A. (2011) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.1807 · Cited by 4,930
The future of immune checkpoint therapy
Sharma, P., & Allison, J. P. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaa8172 · Cited by 4,878
Evidence for the Formation of Symmetric and Asymmetric DLPC-DAPC Lipid Bilayer Domains
Ritter, M., Schmidt, S., Jakab, M., Paulmichl, M., & Henderson, R. M. (2013) · Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1159/000350122 · Cited by 3,923
Ceramide Triggers Budding of Exosome Vesicles into Multivesicular Endosomes
Trajković, K., Hsu, C., Chiantia, S., Rajendran, L., Wenzel, D., Wieland, F., Schwille, P., Brügger, B., & Simons, M. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1153124 · Cited by 3,760
B lymphocytes secrete antigen-presenting vesicles.
Raposo, G., Nijman, H. W., Stoorvogel, W., Liejendekker, R., Harding, C. V., Melief, C. J., & Geuze, H. J. (1996) · The Journal of experimental medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.183.3.1161 · Cited by 3,546
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The exosome journey: from biogenesis to uptake and intracellular signalling
Gurung, S., Perocheau, D. P. B., Touramanidou, L., & Baruteau, J. (2021) · Cell Communication and Signaling · doi:10.1186/s12964-021-00730-1 · Cited by 1,912
Extracellular vesicles as tools and targets in therapy for diseases
Kumar, M. A., Baba, S. K., Sadida, H. Q., Al-Marzooqi, S. K., Jerobin, J., Altemani, F. H., Algehainy, N. A., Alanazi, M. A., Abou‐Samra, A., Kumar, R., et al. (2024) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-024-01735-1 · Cited by 1,545
Yang, D., Zhang, W., Zhang, H., Zhang, F., Chen, L., Ma, L., Larcher, L. M., Chen, S., Liu, N., Zhao, Q., et al. (2020) · Theranostics · doi:10.7150/thno.41580 · Cited by 1,079
Exosomes as mediators of intercellular crosstalk in metabolism
Isaac, R., Reis, F. C. G., Ying, W., & Olefsky, J. M. (2021) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2021.08.006 · Cited by 860
Yang, K., Fan, M., Wang, X., Xu, J., Wang, Y., Tu, F., Gill, P. S., Ha, T., Liu, L., Williams, D. L., et al. (2021) · Cell Death and Differentiation · doi:10.1038/s41418-021-00841-9 · Cited by 836
Metadata
- Authors
- Zhang, Y., Liu, Y., Liu, H., & Tang, W. H.
- Affiliations
- Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Liu, Haiying
- Tang, Wai Ho
- Venue
- Cell & Bioscience
- Published
- 2019-02-15
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 19-19
- ISSN
- 2045-3701 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6377728
- OpenAlex
- W2931418311
- Cited by
- 2,119
- References
- 156
- Citations by year
- 2026: 203 · 2025: 327 · 2024: 386 · 2023: 361 · 2022: 334 · 2021: 297 · 2020: 184 · 2019: 24
- FWCI
- 18.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell & Bioscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Extracellular vesicles in disease
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular transport and secretion
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
- Keywords
- exosomes, exosome biogenesis, multivesicular bodies, exosome cargo, exosome uptake, cell targeting, diagnostic biomarkers, prognostic factors, drug delivery, gene delivery, extracellular vesicles
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