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Exosomes: biogenesis, biologic function and clinical potential
Open accessAbstract
Exosomes are nano-sized biovesicles released into surrounding body fluids upon fusion of multivesicular bodies and the plasma membrane. They were shown to carry cell-specific cargos of proteins, lipids, and genetic materials, and can be selectively taken up by neighboring or distant cells far from their release, reprogramming the recipient cells upon their bioactive compounds. Therefore, the regulated formation of exosomes, specific makeup of their cargo, cell-targeting specificity are of immense biological interest considering extremely high potential of exosomes as non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers, as well as therapeutic nanocarriers. In present review, we outline and discuss recent progress in the elucidation of the regulatory mechanisms of exosome biogenesis, the molecular composition of exosomes, and technologies used in exosome research. Furthermore, we focus on the potential use of exosomes as valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for their cell-lineage and state-specific contents, and possibilities as therapeutic vehicles for drug and gene delivery. Exosome research is now in its infancy, in-depth understanding of subcellular components and mechanisms involved in exosome formation and specific cell-targeting will bring light on their physiological activities.
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“Exosomes originate from the endosomal pathway and are released by fusion of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) and plasma membranes, with sizes ranging from 30 to 150 nm [120, 121].”
From Extracellular vesicles as nanotheranostic platforms for targeted neurological disorder interventions (2024) · cites this paper as [120]
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“Zhang et al. reported that exosomes were crucial not only for cell-to-cell communications, but also for metabolic and cellular processes, and the regulation of biological processes [67].”
From Exosome-functionalized magnesium-organic framework-based scaffolds with osteogenic, angiogenic and anti-inflammatory properties for accelerated bone regeneration. (2022) · cites this paper as [67]
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Exosomes in Human Breast Milk Promote EMT
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MicroRNAs in Salivary Exosome as Potential Biomarkers of Aging
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Intercellular communication by exosomes in placenta: A possible role in cell fusion?
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Exosomal miRNAs as potential biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in children
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CD4+ T cell-released exosomes inhibit CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses and antitumor immunity
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Curcumin-primed exosomes mitigate endothelial cell dysfunction during hyperhomocysteinemia
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Next-generation sequencing-based small RNA profiling of cerebrospinal fluid exosomes
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Exosomes as Immunotheranostic Nanoparticles
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MicroRNA-Containing T-Regulatory-Cell-Derived Exosomes Suppress Pathogenic T Helper 1 Cells
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Prostate Cancer Biomarker Profiles in Urinary Sediments and Exosomes
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Molecular Characterization of the Microsomal Tamoxifen Binding Site
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Serum extracellular vesicle protein levels are associated with acute coronary syndrome
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Metadata
- Authors
- Zhang, Y., Liu, Y., Liu, H., & Tang, W. H.
- Affiliations
- Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Liu, Haiying
- Tang, Wai Ho
- Venue
- Cell & Bioscience
- Published
- 2019-02-15
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 19-19
- ISSN
- 2045-3701 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6377728
- OpenAlex
- W2931418311
- Cited by
- 2,119
- References
- 156
- Citations by year
- 2026: 203 · 2025: 327 · 2024: 386 · 2023: 361 · 2022: 334 · 2021: 297 · 2020: 184 · 2019: 24
- FWCI
- 18.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell & Bioscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Extracellular vesicles in disease
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular transport and secretion
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
- Keywords
- exosomes, exosome biogenesis, multivesicular bodies, exosome cargo, exosome uptake, cell targeting, diagnostic biomarkers, prognostic factors, drug delivery, gene delivery, extracellular vesicles
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