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Cited by 128Gestational Diabetes Research and ManagementDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsMaternal and Neonatal Healthcare

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Prevalence and determinants of gestational diabetes mellitus in Africa based on the updated international diagnostic criteria: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Muche, Achenef Asmamaw, Olayemi, Oladapo O., Gete, Yigzaw Kebede·2019·Archives of Public Health
DOI 10.1186/s13690-019-0362-0PMC PMC6683510
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Abstract

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a major public health problem and threat to maternal and child health in Africa. No prior review has been conducted in Africa using the updated GDM diagnostic criteria. Therefore, this review aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence and determinants of GDM in Africa by using current international diagnostic criteria. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted by comprehensive search of the published studies in Africa. Electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Google Scholar, CINAHL, Web of Science, Science direct and African Journals Online) were searched using relevant search terms. Data were extracted on an excel sheet and Stata/ SE 14.0 software was used to perform the meta-analysis. Heterogeneity of included studies were assessed using I2 and Q test statistics. I2 > 50% and Q test with its respective p-value < 0.05 were suggestive for the presence of a significant heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed using the Egger‘s regression test and funnel plot. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were done. A random effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of GDM and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). A total of 23 studies were included in the final analysis. The pooled prevalence of GDM in Africa was 13.61% (95% CI: 10.99, 16.23; I2 = 96.1%), and 14.28% (95% CI, 11.39, 17.16; I2 = 96.4%) in the sub-Saharan African region. The prevalence was highest in Central Africa 20.4% (95% CI, 1.55, 38.54), and lowest in Northern Africa 7.57% (95% CI, 5.89, 9.25) sub- regions. Overweight and obesity, macrosomia, family history of diabetes, history of stillbirth, history of abortion, chronic hypertension and history of previous GDM had positively associated with GDM. The prevalence of GDM is high in Africa. Being overweighed and/or obese, ever had macrocosmic baby, family history of diabetes, history of stillbirth, history of abortion or miscarriage, chronic hypertension and history of previous GDM were factors associated with GDM. Preventing overweighed and obese, giving due attention to women having high-risk cases for GDM in pregnancy are strongly recommended to mitigate the burden. PROSPERO (2018: CRD42018116843 ).

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Fig. 1 Flow diagram of the included studies for the systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence and determinants of gestational diabetes mellitus in Africa, 2013–2018
Fig. 1 Flow diagram of the included studies for the systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence and determinants of gestational diabetes mellitus in Africa, 2013–2018CC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 2 Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in Africa, 2013–2018
Fig. 2 Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in Africa, 2013–2018CC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 3 Maternal overweight and/ obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus in Africa, 2013–2018
Fig. 3 Maternal overweight and/ obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus in Africa, 2013–2018CC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 4 Family history of diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes mellitus in Africa, 2013–2018
Fig. 4 Family history of diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes mellitus in Africa, 2013–2018CC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 5 History of abortion and gestational diabetes mellitus in Africa, 2013–2018
Fig. 5 History of abortion and gestational diabetes mellitus in Africa, 2013–2018CC BY · PubMed Central

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  1. Mathilda Z, Doreen M, Augustine N, Maxwell M. Prevalence of diabetes in pregnancy at a tertiary care institution and associated perinatal outcomes; 2017.

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Metadata

Authors
Muche, A. A., Olayemi, O. O., & Gete, Y. K.
Affiliations
  • University of Ibadan (NG)
  • University of Gondar (ET)
Corresponding author
Muche, Achenef Asmamaw
ORCID
Muche, Achenef Asmamaw
Venue
Archives of Public Health
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2019-08-06
Volume
77
Issue
1
Pages
36-36
ISSN
  • 0778-7367 (ISSN-L)
  • 2049-3258
DOI
10.1186/s13690-019-0362-0
PMC
PMC6683510
OpenAlex
W2965977595
Cited by
128
References
81
Citations by year
2026: 16 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 2
FWCI
2.13
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Archives of Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • African Union
  • African Union Commission
  • Pan African University
  • Institute for Life and Earth Sciences, Pan African University
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare
Keywords
gestational diabetes mellitus, prevalence, risk factors, obesity, overweight, macrosomia, family history of diabetes, stillbirth, chronic hypertension, previous gestational diabetes, sub-Saharan Africa, Africa, diagnostic criteria, maternal health, child health, health education, health care financing, health system strengthening

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