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Cited by 85Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnoutOccupational Health and BurnoutStress and Burnout Research

Factors affecting healthcare workers burnout and their conceptual models: scoping review

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Nagle, Evija, Griskevica, Inguna, Rajevska, Olga, Ivanovs, Andrejs, Mihailova, Sandra, Skruzkalne, Iluta·2024·BMC Psychology
DOI 10.1186/s40359-024-02130-9PMC PMC11545506

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The occupational stress that contributes to the development of burnout syndrome remains one of the greatest scientific challenges. Despite years of research into burnout and its determinants, burnout continues to attract the attention of researchers, and healthcare workers (HCWs) continue to experience burnout in large numbers. Burnout has a significant impact on both the mental and physical well-being of HCWs and reduces patient-centered healthcare. This review aims to identify the factors affecting healthcare workers' burnout (FAHCWB) and their conceptual models. METHODS: The review was conducted according to Arksey and O'Malley's framework using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Wiley, ProQuest, Sage, Science Direct, and EBSCO using the following keywords: healthcare professionals, burnout, and internal/external factors. Empirical, qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-design research articles published in English with full-text access in peer-reviewed journals that investigated the FAHCWB were included. For an in-depth analysis of the included articles, the authors developed a data synthesis table, and thematic analysis was applied to the analysis. RESULTS: According to the inclusion criteria, 38 articles were selected for further data analysis. Six main themes were identified: (1) FAHCWB; (2) conceptual models of FAHCWB; (3) research tools for studying FAHCWB; (4) findings on FAHCWB in the context of different models; (5) differences between findings from different models; (6) what is known and not known about FAHCWB. The results of the review show that most researchers conduct research on factors affecting burnout (FAB) based on factors related to the work environment, with fewer studies based on individual factors, including personality factors. Most of the research is based on the model developed by Maslach et al. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) has been used in most studies. CONCLUSIONS: Despite years of research, burnout continues to evolve rapidly, indicating that scientific research needs to be re-focused. Research should be conducted using different conceptual models and new research tools that allow the syndrome to be studied from a multidimensional perspective, including both the work environment and individual factors.

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  • Organizational constraints undermine intervention effectiveness, even when strategies are well-designed.

    “Multiple systematic reviews and empirical studies show that organizational constraints undermine intervention effectiveness, even when strategies are well-designed (39, 40).”

    From Management strategies for healthcare worker burnout in Sub-Saharan Africa: an integrative review (2026) · cites this paper as [39]

    The Discussion identifies organizational factors that contribute to healthcare-worker burnout and recommends combining individual and organizational prevention strategies. Neither those passages nor searches for intervention effectiveness and implementation barriers address whether organizational constraints undermine the effectiveness of well-designed interventions. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.73)

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Nagle, E., Griskevica, I., Rajevska, O., Ivanovs, A., Mihailova, S., & Skruzkalne, I.
Affiliations
Riga Stradiņš University (LV)
Corresponding author
Nagle, Evija
ORCID
Venue
BMC Psychology
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2024-11-07
Volume
12
Issue
1
Pages
637-637
ISSN
2050-7283 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1186/s40359-024-02130-9
PMC
PMC11545506
OpenAlex
W4404137329
Cited by
85
References
15
Citations by year
2026: 49 · 2025: 36
FWCI
7.64
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • BMC Psychology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Research Square (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (acceptedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Occupational Health and Burnout
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Stress and Burnout Research
Keywords
burnout, healthcare workers, occupational stress, Maslach Burnout Inventory, work environment, personality factors, employee well-being
MeSH terms
Burnout, Professional, Health Personnel, Humans

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