The DOI matches its Crossref record; 43 of the 43 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Posttraumatic stress disorder: from diagnosis to prevention
Open accessAbstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a chronic impairment disorder that occurs after exposure to traumatic events. This disorder can result in a disturbance to individual and family functioning, causing significant medical, financial, and social problems. This study is a selective review of literature aiming to provide a general outlook of the current understanding of PTSD. There are several diagnostic guidelines for PTSD, with the most recent editions of the DSM-5 and ICD-11 being best accepted. Generally, PTSD is diagnosed according to several clusters of symptoms occurring after exposure to extreme stressors. Its pathogenesis is multifactorial, including the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, immune response, or even genetic discrepancy. The morphological alternation of subcortical brain structures may also correlate with PTSD symptoms. Prevention and treatment methods for PTSD vary from psychological interventions to pharmacological medications. Overall, the findings of pertinent studies are difficult to generalize because of heterogeneous patient groups, different traumatic events, diagnostic criteria, and study designs. Future investigations are needed to determine which guideline or inspection method is the best for early diagnosis and which strategies might prevent the development of PTSD.
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“A review 5 of the literature revealed that over 80% of PTSD cases involved 1 or more comorbid disorders such as depression, anxiety, or mild traumatic brain injury (TBI).6”
From Linguistic markers for identifying post-traumatic stress disorder and associated symptoms: a systematic literature review (2025) · cites this paper as [6]
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Cites
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A review of current evidence regarding the ICD-11 proposals for diagnosing PTSD and complex PTSD
Brewin, C. R., Cloitre, M., Hyland, P., Shevlin, M., Maercker, A., Bryant, R. A., Humayun, A., Jones, L. M., Kagee, A., Rousseau, C., et al. (2017) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2017.09.001 · Cited by 678 · cited 1×
“According to their study, diagnostic standards for symptoms of re-experiencing are higher in the ICD-11 than the DSM, whereas the standards for avoidance are less strict in the ICD-11 than in the DSM-IV [5].”
BackgroundCautionary Statement for Forensic Use of DSM-5
(2014) · Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.744053 · Cited by 624
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Logue, M. W., van Rooij, S. J. H., Dennis, E. L., Davis, S. L., Hayes, J. P., Stevens, J. S., Densmore, M., Haswell, C. C., Ipser, J., Koch, S. B. J., et al. (2018) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.09.006 · Cited by 487
Assessment of Plasma C-Reactive Protein as a Biomarker of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Risk
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Moral Injury: A Mechanism for War-Related Psychological Trauma in Military Family Members
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Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Logue MW, Rooij SJHV, Dennis EL, Davis SL, Hayes JP, Stevens JS, et al. Smaller hippocampal volume in posttraumatic stress disorder: a multi-site ENIGMA-PGC study. Biol. Psychiatry . 2018;83(3):244–53.
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Pappalardo, X. G., & Barra, V. (2021) · Epigenetics & Chromatin · doi:10.1186/s13072-021-00400-z · Cited by 165
Incidence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder after Coronavirus Disease
Chang, M. C., & Park, D. (2020) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare8040373 · Cited by 93
Nazarov, A., Fikretoglu, D., Liu, A., Thompson, M. M., & Zamorski, M. A. (2018) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12866 · Cited by 92
A Public Health Perspective of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Jowf, G. I. A., Ahmed, Z. T., An, N., Reijnders, R. A., Ambrosino, E., Rutten, B. P. F., de Nijs, L., & Eijssen, L. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19116474 · Cited by 93
Telomere Shortening and Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review
Pousa, P. A., de Souza, R. M., Melo, P. H. M., Correa, B. H. M., Mendonça, T. S. C., Silva, A. C. S. E., & de Miranda, D. M. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells10061423 · Cited by 63
Metadata
- Authors
- Miao, X.-R., Chen, Q.-B., Wei, K., Tao, K.-M., & Lu, Z.-J.
- Affiliations
- Second Military Medical University (CN)
- Venue
- Military Medical Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-09-28
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 32-32
- ISSN
- 2054-9369 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6161419
- OpenAlex
- W2890877603
- Cited by
- 161
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 1.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Military Medical Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (81100276, 31371084, 31171013)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Keywords
- post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD diagnosis, PTSD prevention, PTSD treatment, DSM-5, ICD-11, traumatic events, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, immune response, genetic susceptibility, subcortical structures, psychological intervention, pharmacotherapy
- MeSH terms
- Genetic Testing, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Life Change Events, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Risk Factors, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, International Classification of Diseases, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
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