Business ecosystem modeling- the hybrid of system modeling and ecological modeling: an application of the smart grid
Open accessAbstract
Business ecosystem is popularly used to investigate a complex social system with the business perspective, and particularly contributes to the understanding of actors and their relations in the innovation research. However, the aspect of business ecosystem modeling is limited discussed in the literature, although the importance has emerged significantly in recent years due to the emphasis on cross-disciplinary research and digitalization with artificial intelligence. Therefore, this paper proposes a framework for business ecosystem modeling with the discussion of system engineering and ecological modeling. The domain of smart grid is selected to demonstrate how system engineering, especially standards and ontologies contribute to the business ecosystem modeling. The proposed framework of the business ecosystem modeling includes three parts and nine stages that combines theories from system engineering, ecology, and business ecosystem. Part I-Business ecosystem architecture development includes four stages which aims to identify a target business ecosystem and its elements (actors, roles, and interactions). Part II-Factor analysis includes two stages to identify potential changes (and the dimensions of the changes) in the ecosystem. Part III- Ecosystem simulation and reconfiguration aims to use simulations to investigate the transition of an ecosystem and the re-configurated ecosystem. The framework not only provides a systematic approach for modeling a business ecosystem but also provides a methodological foundation for research on the aspect of complex systems in the business ecosystem field.
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The multi-agent simulation framework, augmented by a business ecosystem modeling approach, captures micro-level charging decisions and macro-level capacity constraints.
“By embedding each EV user, the aggregator, and the DSO as separate agents, the model captures micro-level charging decisions and macro-level capacity constraints.”
From A Multi-Agent, Laxity-Based Aggregation Strategy for Cost-Effective Electric Vehicle Charging and Local Transformer Overload Prevention (2025) · cites this paper as [20]
The Ecosystem Modeling section (page unavailable) describes agent-based models as addressing disaggregated parts and micro-level interactions, while system dynamics represents aggregated systems. The Conclusion (page unavailable) proposes a business-ecosystem framework that includes simulation, but our copy does not describe a model with EV users, an aggregator, and a DSO as separate agents, or show it capturing charging decisions and capacity constraints. (LLM, conf=0.83)
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Christensen, K., Jørgensen, B. N., & Ma, Z. G. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su17093847 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Second, it integrates a multi-agent simulation model with a detailed business ecosystem perspective [20,21], thereby capturing the micro-level interactions among EV owners, the aggregator, and DSOs.”
InfluentialSelf-citation
- Authors
- Ma, Z.
- Affiliations
- University of Southern Denmark (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Ma, Zheng
- ORCID
- Ma, Zheng
- Venue
- Energy Informatics
- Published
- 2019-11-21
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 1
- ISSN
- 2520-8942 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2990790201
- Cited by
- 45
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 5
- FWCI
- 3.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Energy Informatics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Control and Systems Engineering › Systems Engineering Methodologies and Applications
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Digital Platforms and Economics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Management of Technology and Innovation › University-Industry-Government Innovation Models
- Keywords
- smart grid, systems engineering, ecological modeling, complex systems, ecosystem modeling, actor interaction, digitalization
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