Post-stroke aphasia rehabilitation using computer-based Arabic software program: a randomized controlled trial
Open accessAbstract
Background: Aphasia is considered an acquired communication disorder. Language intervention in aphasia enhances the patient outcomes. Recently, computer programs are developed for the treatment of aphasia. It is an effective and a low-cost therapy choice. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of language therapy using a computer-based Arabic software program for rehabilitation of post-stroke Arabic-speaking aphasic patients in comparison to the conventional language therapy. We conducted a randomized controlled trial with blinded endpoint evaluation. The trial included 50 aphasic patients. They were randomized into either group I or group II to receive 48 therapy sessions using the Arabic software program (group I) or the conventional therapy (group II). The primary outcome was a measure of improvement in language abilities. It was measured using the Arabic version of the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination to detect any significant improvement in the language of both groups in comparison to pre-therapy results. The post-therapy results of both groups were compared to each other to document the effectiveness of the software program. Results: A total of 105 aphasic patients were screened and 50 subjects were randomized to the intervention groups [40 subjects were males, mean age of the patients: 57.04 years± SD 10.88 for group I and 58.80 years ± SD 11.58 for group II]. The therapy results showed a significant improvement from the baseline in both groups. There was no significant difference in the post-therapy results between group I and group II except for some items whereas group I showed more significant improvement. Conclusions: Language therapy using a computer-based Arabic software program was as effective as the conventional therapy in the improvement of language abilities of Arabic-speaking aphasic patients.
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Two studies conducted in languages other than English used English-based assessments as outcome measures, namely the Western Aphasia Battery and the Boston Naming Test, translated or adapted for Mandarin by Liu et al. (2021) and Arabic by Elhakeem et al. (2021).
“Furthermore, two studies conducted in languages other than English used English‐based assessments as outcome measures, namely, the Western Aphasia Battery and the Boston Naming Test, which were translated or adapted for Mandarin by Liu et al. (2021) and Arabic by Elhakeem et al. (2021).”
From Exploring the Effectiveness of Technology‐Based Interventions in Aphasia Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review (2026) · cites this paper as Elhakeem et al. (2021)
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSoftware-supported therapy yielded greater gains in phrase length than face-to-face SLT (2.80 vs. 2.12 words per phrase; p = 0.036).
“software‐supported therapy yielded greater gains in phrase length than face‐to‐face SLT (2.80 vs. 2.12 words per phrase; p = 0.036; Elhakeem et al. 2021).”
From Exploring the Effectiveness of Technology‐Based Interventions in Aphasia Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review (2026) · cites this paper as Elhakeem et al. 2021
Table 5 in the Results (Boston diagnostic aphasia examination results; page not provided) reports greater gains on the phrase-length rating scale for the computer-based therapy group than for the conventional therapy group: 2.80 versus 2.12, p = 0.036. It does not report those gains as words per phrase, so the stated unit is unsupported. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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The effect of mobile application-based technology on post-stroke aphasia: a systematic review
Jiang, Z., He, M., Zhang, C., & Chen, X. (2024) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2024.1405209 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Alhejji, B., Cunningham, S., Dorney, S., & Palmer, R. (2026) · International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders · doi:10.1111/1460-6984.70322 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
- Authors
- Elhakeem, E. S., Saeed, S. S. G. M., Elsalakawy, R. N. A.-E., Elmaghraby, R. M., & Ashmawy, G. A. H. O.
- Affiliations
- Alexandria University (EG)
- Venue
- The Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology
- Published
- 2021-07-28
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 1
- ISSN
- 1012-5574 (ISSN-L)
- 2090-8539
- PMC
- PMC8316710
- OpenAlex
- W3186861779
- Cited by
- 8
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 2
- FWCI
- 0.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Assistive Technology in Communication and Mobility
- Keywords
- post-stroke aphasia, aphasia rehabilitation, Arabic-speaking patients, Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination, language intervention, stroke
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