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Dietary fatty acids influence the production of Th1- but not Th2-type cytokines
Abstract
C57Bl6 mice were fed for 6 weeks on a low-fat diet or on high-fat diets containing coconut oil (rich in saturated fatty acids), safflower oil [rich in n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)], or fish oil (rich in n-3 PUFAs) as the main fat sources. The fatty acid composition of the spleen lymphocytes was influenced by that of the diet fed. Thymidine incorporation into concanavalin A-stimulated spleen lymphocytes and interleukin (IL)-2 production were highest after feeding the coconut oil diet. Interferon (IFN)-γ production was decreased by safflower oil or fish oil feeding. IL-4 production was not significantly affected by diet, although production was lowest by lymphocytes from fish oil-fed mice. The ratio of production of Th1- to Th2-type cytokines (determined as the IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio) was lower for lymphocytes from mice fed the safflower oil or fish oil diets. After 4 h of culture, IL-2 mRNA levels were higher in cells from mice fed coconut oil, and IFN-γ mRNA levels were higher in cells from mice fed coconut oil or safflower oil. After 8 h of culture, IL-2, IFN-γ, and IL-4 mRNA levels were lowest in cells from mice fed fish oil. The ratio of the relative levels of IFN-γ mRNA to IL-4 mRNA was highest in cells from mice fed coconut oil and was lowest in cells of mice fed fish oil. The influence of individual fatty acids on IL-2 production by murine spleen lymphocytes was examined in vitro. Although all fatty acids decreased IL-2 production in a concentration-dependent manner, saturated fatty acids were the least potent and n-3 PUFAs the most potent inhibitors, withn-6 PUFAs falling in between in terms of potency. It is concluded that saturated fatty acids have minimal effects on cytokine production. In contrast, PUFAs act to inhibit production of Th1-type cytokines with little effect on Th2-type cytokines; n-3 PUFAs are particularly potent. The effects of fatty acids on cytokine production appear to be exerted at the level of gene expression.
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Kromann, N., & Green, A. (1980) · Acta Medica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1980.tb01221.x · Cited by 713
Endres, S., Meydani, S. N., Ghorbani, R., Schindler, R., & Dinarello, C. A. (1993) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1002/jlb.54.6.599 · Cited by 228
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SanGiovanni, J. P., & Chew, E. Y. (2005) · Progress in Retinal and Eye Research · doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2004.06.002 · Cited by 874
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Calder, P. C. (2001) · Lipids · doi:10.1007/s11745-001-0812-7 · Cited by 784
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Calder, P., & Grimble, R. (2002) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601478 · Cited by 729
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Metadata
- Authors
- Wallace, F. A., Miles, E. A., Evans, C., Stock, T. E., Yaqoob, P., & Calder, P. C.
- Venue
- Journal of Leukocyte Biology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2001-03-01
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 449-457
- ISSN
- 0741-5400 (ISSN-L)
- 1938-3673
- OpenAlex
- W2147775775
- Cited by
- 192
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 10.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Wallace, F. A., Miles, E. A., Evans, C., Stock, T. E., Yaqoob, P., & Calder, P. C. (2001). Dietary fatty acids influence the production of Th1- but not Th2-type cytokines. Journal of Leukocyte Biology. https://doi.org/10.1189/jlb.69.3.449
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