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Chronic Depression
Abstract
Defining chronic depression as persistent symptoms for 2 or more years, a prevalence of chronic depression of 12–15% is found in the literature. A four-part classification of chronic depression is proposed: Chronic Primary Major Depression; Chronic Secondary Major Depression; Characterological or Chronic Minor Depression (Dysthymic Disorder); and ‘Double Depression’. The literature indicates several factors predicting chronicity in primary major depression: more at risk are female patients, particularly those with premorbid neurotic personality traits, individuals with unipolar disorders, and those with higher familial loading for such disorders. Other factors are the adequacy and appropriateness of the treatment given, and the length of illness episode prior to treatment being received. Larger studies with well-matched controls are needed.
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Citations
Cited by
Residual symptoms after partial remission: an important outcome in depression
Paykel, E. S., Ramana, R., Cooper, Z., Hayhurst, H., Kerr, J., & Barocka, A. (1995) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700033146 · Cited by 791
Bauer, M., Pfennig, A., Severus, E., Whybrow, P. C., Angst, J., Möller, H.-J., & Šon behalf of the Task Force on Unipolar Depressive Disorders (2013) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/15622975.2013.804195 · Cited by 632
Bauer, M., Bschor, T., Pfennig, A., Whybrow, P. C., Angst, J., Versiani, M., Möller, H.-J., WFSBP Task Force on Unipolar Depres, Bauer, M., Bschor, T., et al. (2007) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/15622970701227829 · Cited by 477
Ernst, C., & Angst, J. (1992) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/bf02190257 · Cited by 451
Bauer, M., Severus, E., Köhler, S., Whybrow, P. C., Angst, J., Möller, H.-J., & on behalf of the Wfsbp Task Force on Treatment Guidelines for Unipolar Depressive Disorders (2015) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/15622975.2014.1001786 · Cited by 199
Metadata
- Authors
- Scott, J.
- Venue
- British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 1988-09
- Volume
- 153
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 287-297
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- OpenAlex
- W4231608558
- Cited by
- 160
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 6.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
