The DOI matches its Crossref record; 55 of the 55 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Psychiatric effects of cannabis
Open accessAbstract
Background: Cannabis is commonly regarded as an innocuous drug and the prevalence of lifetime and regular use has increased in most developed countries. However, accumulative evidence highlights the risks of dependence and other adverse effects, particularly among people with pre-existing psychiatric disorders. Aims: To re-evaluate the adverse effects of cannabis in the general population and among vulnerable individuals, including those with serious psychiatric disorders. Method: A wide-ranging review of the topics related to these issues. Results and conclusions: An appreciable proportion of cannabis users report short-lived adverse effects, including psychotic states following heavy consumption, and regular users are at risk of dependence. People with major mental illnesses such as schizophrenia are especially vulnerable in that cannabis generally provokes relapse and aggravates existing symptoms. Health workers need to recognise, and respond to, the adverse effects of cannabis on mental health.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. (2013) · Encyclopedia of Social Work · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,519
Regier, D. A. (1990) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1990.03450190043026 · Cited by 3,962
Psychiatric disorders in America
Robins, L. N. (1991) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,567
Swanson, J. W., Holzer, C. E., Ganju, V. K., & Jono, R. T. (1990) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/ps.41.7.761 · Cited by 1,277
Cannabis and schizophrenia. A longitudinal study of Swedish conscripts
Andréasson, S., Engström, A., Allebeck, P., & Rydberg, U. (1987) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(87)92620-1 · Cited by 1,166
Pharmacology and effects of cannabis: A brief review
Ashton, C. H. (2001) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.178.2.101 · Cited by 934
Consequences of adolescent drug use: impact on the lives of young adults
(1989) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.26-4151 · Cited by 656
Cannabis Abuse and the Course of Recent-Onset Schizophrenic Disorders
Linszen, D. H. (1994) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950040017002 · Cited by 656
Symptom Monitoring in the Rehabilitation of Schizophrenic Patients
Lukoff, D., Liberman, R. P., & Nuechterlein, K. H. (1986) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/12.4.578 · Cited by 621
Schizophrenia : manifestations, incidence and course in different cultures
Zhablenski, A. V. (1992) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · Cited by 507
Cited by
The Endocannabinoid System as an Emerging Target of Pharmacotherapy
Pacher, P., Bátkai, S., & Kunos, G. (2006) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.58.3.2 · Cited by 2,077
D'Souza, D. C., Perry, E., MacDougall, L., Ammerman, Y., Cooper, T., Wu, Y.-T., Braley, G., Gueorguieva, R., & Krystal, J. H. (2004) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300496 · Cited by 1,024
Cannabis use and psychosis: A longitudinal population-based study
van Os, J. (2002) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwf043 · Cited by 928
Pharmacology and effects of cannabis: A brief review
Ashton, C. H. (2001) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.178.2.101 · Cited by 934
Causal association between cannabis and psychosis: examination of the evidence
Arseneault, L., Cannon, M., Witton, J., & Murray, R. M. (2004) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.184.2.110 · Cited by 913
Metadata
- Authors
- Johns, A.
- Venue
- British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 2001-02
- Volume
- 178
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 116-122
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- OpenAlex
- W2103386780
- Cited by
- 469
- References
- 55
- FWCI
- 18.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Psychiatric effects of cannabis. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1192/bjp.178.2.116
- The paper
- Johns, A. (2001). Psychiatric effects of cannabis. British Journal of Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.178.2.116
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
