Cited by 274Child Abuse and TraumaPsychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual OffendingMilitary, Security, and Education Studies

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Features of childhood sexual abuse and the development of psychiatric and substance use disorders

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Bulik, Cynthia M., Prescott, Carol A., Kendler, Kenneth S.·2001·British Journal of Psychiatry

DOI 10.1192/bjp.179.5.444

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Abstract

Background: Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is associated with an increased risk of subsequent psychiatric disorders. Aims: To explore the risk associated with features of CSA and examine whether specific associations exist between particular profiles of CSA and the development of specific syndromes. Method: In a population-based sample of adult female twins, we used logistic regression to explore the association between features of CSA (reported by the twin and her co-twin) and lifetime major depression, generalised anxiety disorder, bulimia nervosa, panic disorder and alcohol and drug dependence. Results: In univariate and stepwise multiple regressions, patterns of predictors differed, although not significantly, across diagnoses. Greater risk was associated with attempted or completed intercourse, the use of force or threats, abuse by a relative, and a negative response by someone who was told about the abuse. Similar patterns were observed with co-twin reports. Conclusions: Specific features of CSA differentially increase risk of later psychopathology; however, there do not appear to be unique predictive relationships between features of CSA and the emergence of specific psychiatric disorders.

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From rape to sexual assault: Legal provisions and mental health implications
Jiloha, R. C. (2015) · Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/0971-9962.161992 · Cited by 5
Incidence clinique des psychotraumatismes dans la consultation externe d’un service de psychiatrie
El‐Hage, W., & Gaillard, P. (2003) · Annales Médico-psychologiques revue psychiatrique · doi:10.1016/s0003-4487(03)00161-6 · Cited by 5
Forensic Psychological Harm in Victims of Child Sexual Abuse: A Meta-analytic Review
Cea, B., Montes, Á., Trinidad, A., & Fernández, R. A. (2025) · The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context · doi:10.5093/ejpalc2025a10 · Cited by 5
Enrichment in Pre-Kindergarten Life Predicts Initiation of Cigarette Smoking in Asian American and Hispanic/Latino Adolescents
Chen, X., & Weiss, J. W. (2006) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-006-9100-7 · Cited by 4
Sexual Violence among Sexual and Gender Minorities
Beyer, M. S., Toumayan, A. C., & Hipp, T. N. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-89999-2_215 · Cited by 4
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Jaite, C., Pfeiffer, E. F., Lehmkuhl, U., & Salbach‐Andrae, H. (2013) · Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1024/1422-4917/a000217 · Cited by 7
The Role of Emotional Processes in Explaining the Link Between Severity of Childhood Maltreatment and Relationship Difficulties
McNeil, J., & Rehman, U. S. (2023) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605231216695 · Cited by 4
Violating children's rights: the psychological impact of sexual abuse in childhood
Astbury, J. (2013) · InPsych: The Bulletin of the Australian Psychological Society Ltd · Cited by 4
Domestic Violence and Child Custody: A Critique of Recent JCC Articles
Stahly, G. B. (2008) · Journal of Child Custody · doi:10.1300/j190v04n03_01 · Cited by 4
“…harm of sexual abuse is available, for example, Herman & Hirschman, 1977; Finkelhor, 1990; Farrell, 1988; Bagley, 1991; 1992; Kendall-Tackett, 1993; Bulik et al, 2001; Kendler et al., 2001–even the controversial meta-analysis by Rind et al., 1998, that found no harmful consequences for older boys…”
Background
Emotional scars : impact of childhood trauma on depressive and anxiety disorders
Hovens, J. G. F. M. (2011) · Leiden Repository (Leiden University) · Cited by 4
Dyspareunia: Another Argument for Removal
Moser, C. A. (2005) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-005-7473-z · Cited by 4
Antecedentes traumáticos en mujeres drogodependientes: abuso sexual, físico y psicológico
Goñi, M. A. S., Colmenero, L. G., Carrasco, A. B., Arenas, E. Q., & Pardo, L. (2010) · Trastornos Adictivos · doi:10.1016/s1575-0973(10)70021-0 · Cited by 3
Health promotion and crime prevention: recognising broader synergies
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Violence Exposure and Mental Health States
Lindert, J. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-8999-8_3 · Cited by 3
Estadísticas y trascendencia de la violencia sexual en menores
Solá, M. L. S., & Delgado, F. (2003) · Cuadernos de Medicina Forense · doi:10.4321/s1135-76062003000200005 · Cited by 2
Sexual Dysfunction or Pain Disorder?: Dyspareunia from the Perspective of the Harmful Dysfunction Analysis
Wakefield, J. C. (2005) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-005-7479-1 · Cited by 2
Alcohol Deprivation Differentially Changes Alcohol Intake in Female and Male Rats Depending on Early-Life Stressful Experience
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“Moreover, the greater the severity of the childhood abuse experienced, the greater is the impact on the prevalence and severity of the psychiatric disorders later in life [6,10].”
Background
Comparison between Males and Females Sexually Abused in Childhood by a Male or Female Perpetrator
Gil, S. (2015) · Journal of Traumatic Stress Disorders & Treatment · doi:10.4172/2324-8947.1000142 · Cited by 2
“Factors such as the nature of the abuse – if the abuser is a relative, if the abuse involves intercourse or attempted intercourse, if threats or force are used, and duration and frequency of the abuse [16,21,22] as well as additional risk factors such as internal resources and level of support [23], appear to affect t…”
Background
Análise da Ocorrência de Estresse Precoce em Pacientes Psiquiátricos Adultos
Martins, C. M. S. (2012) · doi:10.11606/d.17.2012.tde-30052012-130123 · Cited by 2
Psychiatric sculptors and psychiatric sculptures: the unformed clay and Kraepelin's visions
Marneros, A., & Pillmann, F. (2004) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511544002.002 · Cited by 2
Psychoanalytic/psychodynamic psychotherapy for children and adolescents who have been sexually abused
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The victimisation experience schedule: contextualising interpersonal trauma and perceived discrimination in individuals with psychotic experiences with and without a need-for-care
Verdaasdonk, I., Charalambides, M., Baumeister, D., Jackson, M., Garety, P. A., Morgan, C., Ward, T., & PETERS, E. R. (2025) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-025-02917-0 · Cited by 1
New Scoring Method of the Family Drawing for Sexually Abused Preschoolers
Giasson, V., Daigneault, I., & Hébert, M. (2014) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1080/10538712.2014.869292 · Cited by 1
ESTRATÉGIAS DE INTERVENÇÃO INTERDISCIPLINAR NO CUIDADO COM O PACIENTE COM TRANSTORNO ALIMENTAR: O TRATAMENTO FARMACOLÓGICO STRATEGIES OF INTERDISCIPLINARY INTERVENTION IN THE CARE FOR PATIENTS WITH EATING DISORDERS:PHRAMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT
Cabrera, C. C. (2006) · Cited by 1
Freiheitsbeschränkende und freiheitsentziehende Maßnahmen
Steinert, T., & Hirsch, S. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-58684-6_13 · Cited by 1
PROTOCOL: Psychoanalytic/psychodynamic psychotherapy for children and adolescents who have been sexually abused
Parker, B., & Turner, W. (2009) · Campbell Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/cl2.62 · Cited by 1
Nuptial Rape: Rape Within Marriage
Gupta, A., & Mehta, A. (2023) · Indian Journal of Social Science and Literature · doi:10.54105/ijssl.a1067.093123 · Cited by 1
Risk factors for addiction
Clay, S. W. (2010) · Osteopathic Family Physician · doi:10.1016/j.osfp.2009.12.002 · Cited by 1
Serotonin Modulates the Maturation of the Medial Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampus: Relevance to the Etiology of Emotional and Cognitive Behaviors
Rebello, T. J. (2012) · doi:10.7916/d8bv7pq3 · Cited by 1
“Exposure to either enriched or adverse environmental factors in early life can, respectively, decrease or enhance an organism’s vulnerability to affective and fear-related disorders in adulthood (Kendler et al., 1992; Kessler et al., 1997; Bulik et al., 2001; Caspi et al., 2003; Moffitt et al., 2007).”
Background
FORMS OF CHILD ABUSE IN THE POOR FAMILY IN PURWOKERTO, INDONESIA
Na’imah, T., & Indriyani, R. (2019) · Social Values and Society · doi:10.26480/svs.02.2019.20.23 · Cited by 1
Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity
Beyer, M. S., Toumayan, A. C., & Hipp, T. N. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-62122-7_215-1 · Cited by 1
Victims of Domestic Abuse and Rape
Khouzam, H. R. (2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-04088-4.50025-8 · Cited by 1

Authors: Bulik, C. M., Prescott, C. A., & Kendler, K. S.
Affiliations: Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
Corresponding author: Bulik, Cynthia M.
ORCID: Bulik, Cynthia M.
Prescott, Carol A.
Kendler, Kenneth S.
Venue: British Journal of Psychiatry
Publisher: Royal College of Psychiatrists
Published: 2001-11
Volume: 179
Issue: 5
Pages: 444-449
ISSN: 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
1472-1465
DOI: 10.1192/bjp.179.5.444
OpenAlex: W2006216826
Cited by: 274
References: 25
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 12
FWCI: 16.95
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified, 5906 d)
Locations: The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (R01AA009095, AA-09095)
National Institute of Mental Health (MH 01553, R01MH040828, MH 40828)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Military, Security, and Education Studies
Keywords: child sexual abuse, major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, bulimia nervosa, panic disorder, alcoholism, drug addiction, abuse reporting, mental illness, substance use disorders, female twins
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Mental Disorders, Child, Child Abuse, Sexual, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors, Logistic Models, Substance-Related Disorders

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Features of childhood sexual abuse and the development of psychiatric and substance use disorders

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