The DOI matches its Crossref record; 20 of the 21 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Effects of long-term prolactin-raising antipsychotic medication on bone mineral density in patients with schizophrenia
Open accessAbstract
Background: High rates of osteoporosis in schizophrenia may result from the prolactin-raising effects of some antipsychotic medication. Aims: To examine bone mineral density in relation to relevant endocrine variables in patients with schizophrenia taking prolactin-raising antipsychotics. Method: Fifty-five patients who had been receiving prolactin-raising antipsychotic medication for > 10 years underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry of their lumbar and hip bones. Among the endocrine variables assessed were plasma prolactin and sex hormones. Results: Age-related reduced bone mineral density measures were found in 17 (57%) of the male and 8 (32%) of the female patients. Higher doses of medication were associated with increased rates of both hyperprolactinaemia and bone mineral density loss. Bone loss for the whole group was correlated with medication dose, and for men was inversely correlated with testosterone values. Conclusions: These results suggestthat patients with schizophrenia on long-term prolactin-raising antipsychotic medication are at high risk of developing reduced bone mineral density as a consequence of hyperprolactinaemia-induced hypogonadism.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Some studies (490-493) found a relationship between the use of prolactin-raising medication and low BMD in patients with chronic schizophrenia, while others (474,489,494-498) failed to find a relationship between prolactin, AP and osteoporosis.”
From Physical illness in patients with severe mental disorders. I. Prevalence, impact of medications and disparities in health care (2011) · cites this paper as [490]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale.
Overall, J. E., & Gorham, D. R. (1962) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1962.10.3.799 · Cited by 11,090
ASSESSMENT OF FRACTURE RISK AND ITS APPLICATION TO SCREENING FOR POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS
Alexeeva, L. P., Burkhardt, P., Christiansen, C., Cooper, C. C., Delmas, P. D., Johnell, O., Johnston, C. C., Kanis, J. A., Lips, P. T. A. M., Melton, L. J., et al. (1994) · Cited by 2,655
Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms
Andreasen, N. C. (1982) · PsycTESTS Dataset · doi:10.1037/t12696-000 · Cited by 1,888
Kapur, S., Zipursky, R., Jones, C., Remington, G., & Houle, S. (2000) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.157.4.514 · Cited by 1,090
Seeman, P. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 441
Kinon, B. J., Gilmore, J. A., Liu, H., & Halbreich, U. M. (2003) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(02)00127-0 · Cited by 350
The Effects of Antipsychotic-Induced Hyperprolactinaemia on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis
Smith, S. M., Wheeler, M. J., Murray, R. M., & O’Keane, V. (2002) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/00004714-200204000-00002 · Cited by 202
Self-citationDecreased Bone Mineral Density in Medicated Psychiatric Patients
Halbreich, U. M., Rojansky, N., Palter, S. F., Hreshchyshyn, M. M., Kreeger, J., Bakhai, Y., & Rosan, R. C. (1995) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199509000-00011 · Cited by 193
Bone Density in Amenorrheic Women with and without Hyperprolactinemia*
Schlechte, J., Sherman, B. M., & Martin, R. (1983) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-56-6-1120 · Cited by 170
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–217 of 217
Risperidona en el tratamiento de la agitación y la agresión asociadas con trastornos psiquiátricos
Deyn, P. P. D., & Buitelaar, J. K. (2006) · European psychiatry (Ed Española) · doi:10.1017/s113406650000518x
(2005) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b14455-3
Current awareness in human psychopharmacology
(2004) · Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental · doi:10.1002/hup.570
de Paula, F. J. A., Dick‐de‐Paula, I., Kawai, M., & Rosen, C. J. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813073-5.00034-4
(2009) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.3109/9780203092835-3
(2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53717-1.01137-9
(2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53266-4.50005-7
Dragoni, D. (2021) · Journal of Historical Archaeology & Anthropological Sciences · doi:10.15406/jhaas.2021.06.00247
Brand, B. A. (2024) · University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) · doi:10.33612/diss.1087705066
Prolactin monitoring for patients on antipsychotic drugs: A narrative review of clinical relevance
Kar, N., & Cook, N. (2025) · Archives of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.25259/abp_17_2025
Medications for Mental Health Disorders and Impact on Bone
Leslie-Allen, N. L., Bolton, J. M., & Leslie, W. D. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-73363-5_126
Hipogonadismo femenino y enfermedad ósea
Vicente, M. R. V., Santisteban, S. S., & Fernández, A. B. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-84-9022-503-5.00014-9
Brown, E. M. (2014) · Scholar Commons (University of South Carolina)
Metadata
- Authors
- Meaney, A. M., Smith, S., Howes, O. D., O'Brien, M., Murray, R. M., & O'Keane, V.
- Affiliations
- Beaumont Hospital (IE)
- Maudsley Hospital (GB)
- Trinity College Dublin (IE)
- Corresponding author
- Meaney, Anna Maria
- Venue
- British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 2004-06
- Volume
- 184
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 503-508
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- OpenAlex
- W2021946298
- Cited by
- 217
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 6.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies
- Keywords
- schizophrenia, antipsychotic drugs, hyperprolactinemia, bone mineral density, osteoporosis, bone loss, hypogonadism, testosterone, sex hormones, medication dose, long-term antipsychotic use
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Chlorpromazine, Female, Femur, Humans, Hyperprolactinemia, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Long-Term Care, Lumbar Vertebrae, Male, Middle Aged, Prolactin, Regression Analysis, Schizophrenia, Sex Factors, Testosterone, Antipsychotic Agents, Bone Density, Dopamine Antagonists
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
