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Effects of long-term prolactin-raising antipsychotic medication on bone mineral density in patients with schizophrenia
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Background: High rates of osteoporosis in schizophrenia may result from the prolactin-raising effects of some antipsychotic medication. Aims: To examine bone mineral density in relation to relevant endocrine variables in patients with schizophrenia taking prolactin-raising antipsychotics. Method: Fifty-five patients who had been receiving prolactin-raising antipsychotic medication for > 10 years underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry of their lumbar and hip bones. Among the endocrine variables assessed were plasma prolactin and sex hormones. Results: Age-related reduced bone mineral density measures were found in 17 (57%) of the male and 8 (32%) of the female patients. Higher doses of medication were associated with increased rates of both hyperprolactinaemia and bone mineral density loss. Bone loss for the whole group was correlated with medication dose, and for men was inversely correlated with testosterone values. Conclusions: These results suggestthat patients with schizophrenia on long-term prolactin-raising antipsychotic medication are at high risk of developing reduced bone mineral density as a consequence of hyperprolactinaemia-induced hypogonadism.
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“Some studies (490-493) found a relationship between the use of prolactin-raising medication and low BMD in patients with chronic schizophrenia, while others (474,489,494-498) failed to find a relationship between prolactin, AP and osteoporosis.”
From Physical illness in patients with severe mental disorders. I. Prevalence, impact of medications and disparities in health care (2011) · cites this paper as [490]
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BackgroundA review of the association between antipsychotic use and hyperprolactinaemia
Bushe, C., Shaw, M., & Peveler, R. (2008) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881107088435 · Cited by 148
“In three studies that have found bone mineral density loss have mean cohort prolactin values of 908–3024 mIU/L (~43–142 ng/ml) with treatment with typical antipsychotics or risperidone for between 8–21 years (Meaney et al., 2004; O’Keane and Meaney 2005; Becker et al., 2003).”
Second-Generation Antipsychotics
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BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationOsteoporosis and fracture risk in people with schizophrenia
Kishimoto, T., Binder, M. D., Carlson, H. E., Manu, P., & Correll, C. U. (2012) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0b013e328355e1ac · Cited by 121
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“The induced hypogonadotropic hypogonadism together with low estrogen and testosterone levels may cause low bone mineral density and osteoporosis (Abraham et al. 2003a; Abraham et al. 2003b; Meaney et al. 2004; Hugenholtz 2005; O’Keane and Meaney 2005; Becker and Epperson 2006; Howard et al. 2007).”
Antipsychotic medication for women with schizophrenia spectrum disorders
Brand, B. A., Haveman, Y. R. A., de Beer, F., de Boer, J. N., Dazzan, P., & Sommer, I. E. (2021) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291721004591 · Cited by 106
“For example, up to 48% of women receiving antipsychotic treatment report irregularities in their menstrual cycle (O ’ Keane, 2008) and reduced bone mineral density is present in 32% of women treated with prolactin-raising antipsychotics for >10 years (Meaney et al., 2004).”
Antipsychotic Use and the Risk of Hip Fracture Among Older Adults Afflicted With Dementia
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BackgroundVitamin D deficiency in first episode psychosis: A case–control study
Crews, M., Lally, J., Gardner-Sood, P., Howes, O. D., Bonaccorso, S., Smith, S. M., Murray, R. M., Forti, M. D., & Gaughran, F. (2013) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2013.08.036 · Cited by 93
“Vitamin D deficiency could also contribute to the lower bone mineral density and increased risk of osteoporosis reported in psychotic illnesses (Meaney et al., 2004), particularly as osteoporosis has been found to be more marked in black patients (Eyles et al., 2013).”
Self-citationBushe, C., & Shaw, M. (2007) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881107078281 · Cited by 91
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“N: Normal Meaney et al., 2004).”
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BackgroundImproving Adherence to Antipsychotic Pharmacotherapy
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Dose-dependent effects of antipsychotics on efficacy and adverse effects in schizophrenia
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“on BMD in male, compared to female, patients.[42,52,112]”
BackgroundResultProlactin awareness: An essential consideration for physical health in schizophrenia
Montejo, A. L. (2008) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2008.02.004 · Cited by 78
“hyperprolactinaemia (Meaney et al., 2004; Haddad and Wieck, 2004)”
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Hugenholtz, G. W. K., Heerdink, E. R., van Staa, T. P., Nolen, W. A., & Egberts, A. C. G. (2005) · Bone · doi:10.1016/j.bone.2005.07.005 · Cited by 77
“Which is probably caused by the effect of antipsychotics on decreasing bone mineralization, leading to weaker bones [3,5,12,21,25,39].”
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“The major effects of hyperprolactinemia in women are amenorrhea, galactorrhea, cessation of normal cyclic ovarian function, loss of libido, occasional hirsutism,(1,2) and long-term risk of osteoporosis.(3) The effects in men include impotence, loss of libido, hypospermatogenesis,(1,2) and long-term risk of low bone de…”
BackgroundHowes, O. D., Wheeler, M. J., Meaney, A.-M., O'Keane, V., Fogelman, I., Blake, G., Murray, R. M., & Smith, S. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/01.jcp.0000162798.87249.4d · Cited by 64
“A previous report suggested that patients receiving longterm antipsychotics show reduced bone mineral density (BMD), equivalent to osteopenia or osteoporosis in 57% of males and 32% of females.(1) Osteoporotic fractures were reported in 23% of males on psychotropics.”
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Williams, L. J., Pasco, J. A., Jacka, F. N., Henry, M. J., Dodd, S., & Berk, M. (2008) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000162297 · Cited by 64
Risk of osteoporosis and fracture incidence in patients on antipsychotic medication
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“, 2004, found no effect of sex on prolactin levels, with hyperprolactinemia observed in 60% of male and 64% of female patients [43].”
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“In summary, clinically significant decreases in BMD based on ISCD criteria are reported in two out of the seven studies (Halbreich et al., 1995; Meaney et al., 2004), whereas the clinical significance of the findings in other studies is difficult to determine because of the way the data are…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationActions of pituitary hormones beyond traditional targets
Zaidi, M., New, M. I., Blair, H. C., Zallone, A. Z., Baliram, R., Davies, T. F., Cardozo, C. P., Iqbal, J., Sun, L., Rosen, C. J., et al. (2018) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/joe-17-0680 · Cited by 63
Effects of Antipsychotics on Bone Mineral Density in Patients with Schizophrenia: Gender Differences
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Bone Mineral Density in Schizophrenia
Tseng, P., Chen, Y., Yeh, P., Tu, K.-Y., Cheng, Y., & Wu, C.-K. (2015) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000001967 · Cited by 55
Clinical correlates of vitamin D deficiency in established psychosis
Lally, J., Gardner-Sood, P., Firdosi, M., Iyegbe, C. O., Stubbs, B., Greenwood, K., Murray, R. M., Smith, S. M., Howes, O. D., & Gaughran, F. (2016) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-016-0780-2 · Cited by 56
“It is also clinically noteworthy that vitamin D deficiency may exacerbate the effects of lower bone mineral density and increased osteoporosis seen in psychosis [38, 39], particularly as osteoporosis is more prevalent in black patients [40].”
BackgroundSelf-citationDoknić, M., Marić, N. P., Britvić, D., Pekić, S., Damjanović, A., Miljić, D., Stojanović, M. D. M., Radojicic, Z. A., Gašić, M. J., & POPOVIC, V. M. (2011) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000329391 · Cited by 52
Skeletal Status in Psychotic Disorders: A Population-Based Study
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“Moreover, we failed to find any significant correlation between chlorpromazine equivalence scores and Z scores, in contrast to the findings of Meaney et al (19).”
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“Indeed, the in vivo osteopenic action of PRL had long been explained by estrogen deficiency due to PRL-induced hypogonadism (Meaney et al., 2004; Wang et al., 1980).”
BackgroundBushe, C., Bradley, A., & Pendlebury, J. (2010) · Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.1258/acb.2010.010025 · Cited by 48
Kelly, D. L., Wehring, H. J., Earl, A. K., Sullivan, K. M., Dickerson, F., Feldman, S. M., McMahon, R. P., Buchanan, R. W., Warfel, D. T., Keller, W. R., et al. (2013) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-13-214 · Cited by 45
“Hyperprolactinemia is known to increase the risk of bone mineral density (BMD) loss in patients with schizophrenia with long term antipsychotic drug treatment, either through secondary hypogonadism [74] or hyperprolactinemia itself [75].”
BackgroundUltrasound bone mass in schizophrenic patients on antipsychotic therapy
Rey‐Sánchez, P., García, J. M. L., Canal-Macías, M. L., Gomez-Zubeldia, M. A., Roncero‐Martín, R., & Pedrera‐Zamorano, J. D. (2008) · Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental · doi:10.1002/hup.984 · Cited by 45
Osteoporosis, Schizophrenia and Antipsychotics
Halbreich, U. M. (2007) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.2165/00023210-200721080-00003 · Cited by 45
Bushe, C., Yeomans, D., Floyd, T., & Smith, S. M. (2008) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881107088436 · Cited by 45
Self-citationBone Loss Associated with Hyperprolactinemia in Patients with Schizophrenia
Kinon, B. J., Liu‐Seifert, H., Stauffer, V. L., & Jacob, J. (2013) · Clinical Schizophrenia & Related Psychoses · doi:10.3371/csrp.kise.020113 · Cited by 44
Roke, Y., van Harten, P. N., Buitelaar, J. K., Tenback, D. E., Quekel, L. G. B. A., de Rijke, Y. B., & Boot, A. M. (2012) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-12-0521 · Cited by 43
Possible mechanisms for the skeletal effects of antipsychotics in children and adolescents
Calarge, C. A., Ivins, S. D., Motyl, K. J., Shibli-Rahhal, A. A., Bliziotes, M. M., & Schlechte, J. (2013) · Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/2045125313487548 · Cited by 39
Tsai, K., Lee, C., Chou, Y.-M., Shen, S., Su, C., Wu, H., Huang, M., Shie, J.-P., & Chou, F. H. (2014) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2014.09.032 · Cited by 39
“Higher doses of potent antipsychotic drugs have been reported to be associated with increased rates of both hyperprolactinemia and bone mineral density loss (Meaney et al., 2004).”
Bone Density in Chronic Schizophrenia with Long-Term Antipsychotic Treatment: Preliminary Study
Lee, T. Y., Chung, M.-Y., Chung, H.-K., Choi, J., Kim, T. Y., & So, H. (2010) · Psychiatry Investigation · doi:10.4306/pi.2010.7.4.278 · Cited by 38
Schizophrenia: Women Bear a Disproportionate Toll of Antipsychotic Side Effects
Seeman, M. V. (2010) · Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association · doi:10.1177/1078390309350918 · Cited by 37
“Meaney et al. (2004) however, found more agerelated reductions in bone mineral den sity in men receiving prolactinraising antipsychotics than in women.”
BackgroundHyperprolactinaemia in first episode psychosis - A longitudinal assessment
Lally, J., Ajnakina, O., Stubbs, B., Williams, H. R., Colizzi, M., Carra, E., Fraietta, S., Gardner-Sood, P., Greenwood, K., Atakan, Z., et al. (2017) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2017.07.037 · Cited by 38
Self-citationDopaminergic drugs and the risk of hip or femur fracture: a population-based case–control study
Arbouw, M. E. L., Movig, K. L. L., van Staa, T. P., Egberts, T. C. G., Souverein, P. C., & de Vries, F. (2010) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-010-1455-3 · Cited by 40
“Treatment with other psychotropic drugs, such as benzodiazepines, anticholinergics and antipsychotics, is associated with an increased risk of hip/femur fractures, probably caused by an increased risk of falls [25, 26, 36] and, for antipsychotics, caused by a decreased bone mineralisation leading to weaker bones [37].”
High bone turnover but normal bone mineral density in women suffering from schizophrenia
Bergemann, N., Parzer, P., Mundt, C., & Auler, B. (2008) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s003329170800319x · Cited by 37
“Several clinical trials have addressed this issue since that time (Keely et al. 1997 ; Abraham et al. 2002, 2003 ; Bilici et al. 2002 ; Becker et al. 2003 ; Meaney & O’Keane, 2003, 2007 ; Meaney et al. 2004 ; Maric et al. 2005 ; O’Keane & Meaney, 2005).”
BackgroundMiller, L. J., Ghadiali, N. Y., LaRusso, E. M., Wahlen, K. J., Avni-Barron, O., Mittal, L. P., & Greene, J. A. (2014) · Health Care For Women International · doi:10.1080/07399332.2014.962138 · Cited by 39
“Long-term prolactin elevation can reduce bone density (Meaney et al., 2004).”
BackgroundAlosaimi, F. D., Fallata, E. O., Abalhassan, M. F., Alhabbad, A. A., Alzain, N. M., Alhaddad, B., & Alassiry, M. Z. (2018) · International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1080/13651501.2018.1425459 · Cited by 34
“…in several studies mainly performed in the US, UK and Japan, where 30–70% of schizophrenic patients receiving antipsychotic medications had hyperprolactinemia (Bushe et al., 2008; Kikuchi et al., 2012; Kinon et al., 2003a, 2003b; Meaney et al., 2004; Montgomery et al., 2004; Smith et al., 2002).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialBone Mineral Density and Osteoporosis Risk in Older Patients With Schizophrenia
Jung, D.-U., Kelly, D. L., Oh, M., Kong, B.-G., Kang, J.-W., Lee, S., & Shim, J.-C. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/jcp.0b013e318221b123 · Cited by 34
“The prevalence of low bone density in this study was higher than a few other studies published in people with schizophrenia; however, this may be due to the higher rates observed in Asian versus white samples.(9,11,18) Aging is known to be most reliable risk factors for BMD loss age.”
ResultYasui‐Furukori, N., Saito, M., Nakagami, T., Sugawara, N., Sato, Y., Tsuchimine, S., Furukori, H., & Kaneko, S. (2010) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.02.014 · Cited by 33
“The major effects of hyperprolactinemia in women are amenorrhea, galactorrhea, cessation of normal cyclic ovarian function, loss of libido, occasional hirsutism (Rubin, 1987; Petty, 1999) and long-term risk of osteoporosis (Meaney et al., 2004).”
BackgroundTsuboi, T., Bies, R. R., Suzuki, T., Mamo, D. C., Pollock, B. G., Graff‐Guerrero, A., Mimura, M., & Uchida, H. (2013) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.05.010 · Cited by 33
“…Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan b Geriatric Mental Health Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada c Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA d Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences…”
BackgroundRisperidone in the management of agitation and aggression associated with psychiatric disorders
Deyn, P. P. D., & Buitelaar, J. K. (2006) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2005.11.003 · Cited by 34
Ak, E., Bulut, S. D., Bulut, S., Akdağ, H. A., Oter, G., Kaya, H., Kaya, O. B., Sengul, C. B., & Kısa, C. (2014) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-014-2859-2 · Cited by 31
“The strengths of our study are as follows: there are no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of factors that might affect BMD scores such as the BMI and smoking.”
BackgroundInfluentialBone Mineral Density in Male Schizophrenia Patients: A Review
Meyer, J. M., & Lehman, D. (2006) · Annals of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/10401230500464687 · Cited by 29
Pérez‐Iglesias, R., Mata, I. F., Martínez‐García, O., García‐Unzueta, M. T., Amado, J., Valdizán, E. M., Vázquez‐Barquero, J. L., & Crespo‐Facorro, B. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/jcp.0b013e318272688b · Cited by 27
Atypical antipsychotic use and risk of fracture in persons with Parkinsonism
Dore, D. D., Trivedi, A. N., Mor, V., Friedman, J. H., & Lapane, K. L. (2009) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.22679 · Cited by 28
Yoon, H. W., Lee, J. S., Park, S. J., Lee, S.-K., Choi, W., Kim, T. Y., Hong, C. H., Seok, J., Il-Ho, P., Son, S. J., et al. (2016) · Clinical Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1097/wnf.0000000000000175 · Cited by 27
How Hyperprolactinemia Affects Sexual Function in Patients Under Antipsychotic Treatment
Rubio‐Abadal, E., Cacho, N. D., Saenz-Navarrete, G., Arranz, B., Cambra, R. M., Cuadras, D., Rodante, D., Fehér, C., Roca, M., Barneda, V., et al. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/jcp.0000000000000539 · Cited by 27
Brand, B. A., Willemse, E. J. M., Hamers, I. M. H., & Sommer, I. E. (2023) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-023-01460-6 · Cited by 26
Association of DRD2 and ANKK1 polymorphisms with prolactin increase in olanzapine-treated women
Houston, J., Dharia, S., Bishop, J. R., Ellingrod, V. L., Fijal, B. A., Jacobson, J. G., & Hoffmann, V. P. (2010) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2010.10.020 · Cited by 26
“cardiovascular disease (Biller et al., 1991; Halbreich et al., 1995; Meaney et al., 2004).”
Laboratory testing for secondary osteoporosis evaluation
Adler, R. A. (2012) · Clinical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.01.024 · Cited by 26
“Drugs that raise the serum prolactin, such as the major neuroleptic drugs (phenothiazines, haloperidol, thiothixene) may cause osteoporosis [58].”
BackgroundCui, J., Liu, H., Shao, J., Xu, D.-M., Wang, Y., Fei, Z., Wei, J., Lu, W., Wang, C., He, R., et al. (2017) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2017.10.027 · Cited by 25
Partial compliance with antipsychotics and its impact on patient outcomes
Narasimhan, M., Pae, C. U., Masand, N., & Masand, P. S. (2006) · International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1080/13651500600973568 · Cited by 25
Yasui‐Furukori, N., Fujii, A., Sugawara, N., Tsuchimine, S., Saito, M., Hashimoto, K., & Kaneko, S. (2012) · Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental · doi:10.1002/hup.1275 · Cited by 24
“The effects in men include impotence, loss of libido, hypospermatogenesis (Rubin, 1987; Petty, 1999), and long-term risk of low bone density (Meaney et al., 2004).”
BackgroundProlactin serum levels correlate with inflammatory status in drug-naïve first-episode schizophrenia
Song, X., Fan, X., Zhang, J., Zheng, H., Li, X., Pang, L., Chen, X., Zhang, W., Harrington, A., Ziedonis, D. M., et al. (2014) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/15622975.2014.922699 · Cited by 24
Rourke, C., Starr, K. R., Reavill, C., Fenwick, S., Deadman, K., & Jones, D. N. C. (2005) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-005-0230-1 · Cited by 24
No association between bone mass and prolactin levels among patients with schizophrenia
Sugawara, N., Yasui‐Furukori, N., Fujii, A., Saito, M., Sato, Y., Nakagami, T., Tsuchimine, S., & Kaneko, S. (2011) · Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental · doi:10.1002/hup.1250 · Cited by 23
“While some studies supported this hypothesis (Abraham et al., 2003a, 2003b; Meaney et al., 2004), other studies reported contradictory results (Howes et al., 2005; Renn et al., 2010).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialClozapine protects bone mineral density in female patients with schizophrenia
Lin, C., Huang, K.-H., Chang, Y., Huang, Y., Hsu, W.-C., Lin, C.-Y., Chou, F. H., Tsai, G. E., & Lane, H. (2011) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1017/s1461145711001507 · Cited by 22
“Antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinaemia and/or secondary hypogonadism may be implicated in osteoporosis (Halbreich & Palter, 1996; Meaney et al. 2004), but it is inconclusive (Abraham et al.”
BackgroundResultHorner, K. C., Cazals, Y., Guieu, R., Lenoir, M., & Sauze, N. (2007) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00279.2007 · Cited by 21
“Hyperprolactinemia is associated with decreased bone mass density, which occurs during pregnancy (2), lactation (70), and schizophrenia (1, 43, 62, 63).”
BackgroundPituitary-bone connection in skeletal regulation
Zaidi, M., Sun, L., Liu, P., Davies, T. F., New, M. I., Zallone, A. Z., & Yuen, T. (2016) · Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1515/hmbci-2016-0015 · Cited by 21
Risperidone-associated prolactin elevation and markers of bone turnover during acute treatment
Bishop, J. R., Rubin, L. H., Reilly, J. L., Pavuluri, M. N., & Sweeney, J. A. (2012) · Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/2045125312442080 · Cited by 20
“…with lower risks of prolactin elevation), or in smaller prospective studies examining change in bone density over the course of year in chronically treated patients [Baastrup et al. 1980; Halbreich et al. 1995; Abraham et al. 2003a; Abraham et al. 2003b; Meaney et al. 2004; Howes et al. 2005].”
BackgroundResultBesag, F., Vasey, M. J., & Salim, I. (2021) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40263-021-00812-1 · Cited by 19
“Bone mineral density loss has been reported with long-term treatment (8–21 years) with risperidone and consequently raised prolactin levels of between 43 and 142 ng/mL [41, 44, 129].”
BackgroundBulut, S. D., Bulut, S., Atalan, D. G., Tulacı, R. G., Türker, T., Gürçay, E., & Aydemir, Ç. (2016) · PubMed · Cited by 19
Hyperprolactinemia during antipsychotics treatment increases the level of coagulation markers
Yasui‐Furukori, N., Ishioka, M., Sugawara, N., Furukori, H., Kudo, S., & Nakamura, K. (2015) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s75176 · Cited by 18
“24 Several studies have suggested that increased levels of prolactin are associated with platelet aggregation.”
Long-term Use of Clozapine is Protective for Bone Density in Patients with Schizophrenia
Lin, C., Lin, C.-Y., Wang, H.-S., & Lane, H. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-40691-7 · Cited by 18
Renn, J.-H., Yang, N.-P., & Chou, P. (2010) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/1471-2474-11-35 · Cited by 17
“Hui et al. reported mean BMD values more than one standard deviation lower in hyperprolactinemic women [1].”
BackgroundInfluentialEmerging role of sertindole in the management of schizophrenia
Rodefer, J. S., & Cincotta (2010) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s7602 · Cited by 17
“…well-established, problematic side-effect profiles of both traditional and atypical antipsychotics make balancing the treat-ment of the disease against other negative health concerns, such as sedation, weight gain, 9,10 metabolic disorders, 11,12 and prolactin elevation, 13,14 challenging at best.”
Inflammatory markers of gallstones disease in menopausal women.
Shengelia, M., INTSKIRVELI, N., & Gogebashvili, N. V. (2012) · PubMed · Cited by 16
Gao, Z., Yin, X., Shi, H., Ni, J., Xu, W., & Zhang, K. (2022) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.993367 · Cited by 15
“It has been reported that antipsychotics of different types or dosages may diversely affect PRL levels (49, 50).”
BackgroundManavi, B. A., Stuart, A. L., Pasco, J. A., Hodge, J. M., Samarasinghe, R. M., Weerasinghe, D. K., & Williams, L. J. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1004366 · Cited by 15
“Some have further investigated duration of use, finding chronic use to be related with reduced bone mineralization (3, 7, 8, 31).”
BackgroundInvolvement of miR-106b in tumorigenic actions of both prolactin and estradiol
Chen, K.-H. E., Bustamante, K., Nguyen, V., & Walker, A. M. (2017) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.16755 · Cited by 14
“However, prolactin also functions in immune regulation [3–5], adipocyte differentiation [6, 7], islet proliferation [8, 9] and regulation of bone density [10, 11].”
BackgroundProlactin, menstrual irregularities, quality of life
Wong, J. Y. L., & Seeman, M. V. (2007) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2006.11.004 · Cited by 14
Bone mineral density measurement in female inpatients with schizophrenia
Kishimoto, T., Watanabe, K., Takeuchi, H., Kikuchi, T., Nakajima, S., Shimada, N., Yagi, G., & Kashima, H. (2005) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2005.02.011 · Cited by 14
Factors associated with decreased bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with schizophrenia
Liang, Y., Huang, J. V., Tian, J., Cao, Y., Zhang, G., Wang, C., Cao, Y., & Li, J. (2016) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s100274 · Cited by 13
“increased risk of decreased BMD or osteoporosis.(6,7) However, other studies have obtained the opposite result,(8) which implies that there might be some other factors that affect the BMD of patients with schizophrenia.”
Nikolić, T., Petronijević, M., Sopta, J. P., Velimirović, M., Stojković, T., Dožudić, G. J., Aksić, M., Radonjić, N. V., & Petronijević, N. (2017) · BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology · doi:10.1186/s40360-017-0171-4 · Cited by 13
Metadata
- Authors
- Meaney, A. M., Smith, S., Howes, O. D., O'Brien, M., Murray, R. M., & O'Keane, V.
- Affiliations
- Beaumont Hospital (IE)
- Maudsley Hospital (GB)
- Trinity College Dublin (IE)
- Corresponding author
- Meaney, Anna Maria
- Venue
- British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 2004-06
- Volume
- 184
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 503-508
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- OpenAlex
- W2021946298
- Cited by
- 217
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 6.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies
- Keywords
- schizophrenia, antipsychotic drugs, hyperprolactinemia, bone mineral density, osteoporosis, bone loss, hypogonadism, testosterone, sex hormones, medication dose, long-term antipsychotic use
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Chlorpromazine, Female, Femur, Humans, Hyperprolactinemia, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Long-Term Care, Lumbar Vertebrae, Male, Middle Aged, Prolactin, Regression Analysis, Schizophrenia, Sex Factors, Testosterone, Antipsychotic Agents, Bone Density, Dopamine Antagonists
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