The DOI matches its Crossref record; 20 of the 21 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Quick recovery of orientation after magnetic seizure therapy for major depressive disorder
Open accessAbstract
Background: Magnetic seizure therapy, in which seizures are elicited with a high-frequency magnetic field, is under development as a new treatment for major depressive disorder. Its use may be justified if it produces the antidepressant effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), coupled with limited cognitive side-effects. Aims: To evaluate the usefulness of a new 100 Hz magnetic seizure therapy device. Method: We induced seizures with 100 Hz magnetic transcranial stimulation in 11 patients with major depressive disorder during one session of a regular course of ECT. Recovery times after seizures induced by magnetic seizure therapy and ECT were compared. Results: Seizures could be elicited in 10 of the 11 patients. Stimulation over the vertex produced tonic-clonic activity on 9 out of 11 occasions. Stimulation over the prefrontal midpoint elicited seizures on 3 out of 7 occasions. The mean duration of magnetically induced seizures was 31.3s, ranging from 10 to 86s. All patients had an exceptionally quick recovery of orientation: mean of 7 min 12s (s.d.=2 min 7 s, range 4 min 20s to 9 min 41 s). The recovery times were on average 15 min 35s shorter with magnetic seizure therapy than with ECT in the same patients (paired-samples t-test: P<0.0001). Patients reported feeling less confused after magnetic seizure therapy. Side-effects were confined to myoclonic movements, associated with the use of etomidate. Conclusions: The new 100Hz magnetic stimulator elicits seizures in the majority of patients when administered over the vertex. Magnetic seizure therapy was associated with shorter recovery times and less confusion following treatment. Subsequent work will be required to assess the safety and effectiveness of magnetic seizure therapy in the treatment of depression.
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“Our findings were consistent with multiple previous studies that found quicker time to reorientation with MST relative to ECT. 23,26,47”
From Magnetic seizure therapy is efficacious and well tolerated for treatment-resistant bipolar depression: An open-label clinical trial (2020) · cites this paper as [47]
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“Time to reorientation following ECT has been reported to be 26 minutes 35 seconds, 47 18 minutes 26 and 8 minutes 21 seconds.23”
From Magnetic seizure therapy is efficacious and well tolerated for treatment-resistant bipolar depression: An open-label clinical trial (2020) · cites this paper as [47]
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Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
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Self-citationRecent developments and current controversies in depression
Ebmeier, K. P., Donaghey, C., & Steele, J. D. (2006) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(06)67964-6 · Cited by 434
Self-citationThe Practice of Electroconvulsive Therapy: Recommendations for Treatment, Training, and Privileging
Abrams, R. (1992) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-199201000-00028 · Cited by 323
Predictors of retrograde amnesia following ECT
Sobin, C. A., Sackeïm, H. A., Prudic, J., Devanand, D. P., Moody, B. J., & McElhiney, M. C. (1995) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.152.7.995 · Cited by 287
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Self-citationMagnetic Seizure Therapy of Major Depression
Lisanby, S. H., Schlaepfer, T. E., Fisch, H., & Sackeïm, H. A. (2001) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.58.3.303 · Cited by 222
Self-citationMoscrip, T. D., Terrace, H. S., Sackeïm, H. A., & Lisanby, S. H. (2005) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1017/s146114570500578x · Cited by 192
Self-citationMagnetic Seizure Therapy Improves Mood in Refractory Major Depression
Kosel, M., Frick, C., Lisanby, S. H., Fisch, H.-U., & Schlaepfer, T. E. (2003) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300293 · Cited by 136
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1 of the 21 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Lisanby, 2003, Effects of electroconvulsive shock and magnetic seizure therapy on mossy fiber sprouting and cellular proliferation in the primate hippocampus, Biological Psychiatry., 53, 173S
- Lisanby, 2007, Advances in Biological Psychiatry Series Volume 23: Transcranial Brain Stimulation for Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders
- Scott, 2005, The ECT Handbook.
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Items 101–108 of 108
Chapter 8. Preventing Relapse After ECT: Maintenance ECT and Pharmacotherapy
(2019) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615379422.lg08
Chapter 7. ECT Technique, Part II: Managing the Course of Treatments
(2019) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615379422.lg07
(2019) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615379422.fm01
Bellini, H., & Brunoni, A. R. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-85519-1_39
Boes, A. D., Pace, B., Beldt, H. V. D., El-Hattab, Y. M., Foster, A., Purgianto, A., & Trapp, N. T. (2026) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2026.103107
Jelovac, A., & Braithwaite, R. (2026) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-026-03699-w
Yuan, L., Chang, F., Yang, C., Yuan, C., Zhou, B., Luo, Y., Shi, R., Su, Y., Xia, X., & He, Y. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1950544
Technika wstrząsów magnetycznych
Zyss, T., Krawczyk, A., Hese, R. T., Gorczyca, P. W., Dudek, D., Zięba, A., & Sobiś, J. (2012) · PRZEGLĄD ELEKTROTECHNICZNY
Metadata
- Authors
- Kirov, G., Ebmeier, K. P., Scott, A. I. F., Atkins, M., Khalid, N., Carrick, L., Stanfield, A., O'Carroll, R. E., Husain, M. M., & Lisanby, S. H.
- Affiliations
- Cardiff University (GB)
- Royal Edinburgh Hospital (GB)
- University Hospital of Wales (GB)
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- New York State Psychiatric Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ebmeier, Klaus P.
- Venue
- British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 2008-08
- Volume
- 193
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 152-155
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- PMC
- PMC2587356
- OpenAlex
- W2107703613
- Cited by
- 108
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 4.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- Funders
- American Federation for Aging Research
- New York State Foundation for Science, Technology and Innovation
- National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression
- University of Cambridge
- National Institutes of Health (NIH-R01)
- Medical Research Council
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH060884, R01 MH60884)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Electroconvulsive Therapy Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- magnetic seizure therapy, major depressive disorder, transcranial magnetic stimulation, seizure induction, electroconvulsive therapy, cognitive side effects, myoclonic movements, etomidate
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Electroconvulsive Therapy, Electromagnetic Fields, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Orientation, Pilot Projects, Scotland, Seizures, Statistics as Topic, Wales, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
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