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Effect of polygenic risk scores on depression in childhood trauma

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Peyrot, Wouter J., Milaneschi, Yuri, Abdellaoui, Abdel, Sullivan, Patrick F., Hottenga, Jouke J., Boomsma, Dorret I., Penninx, Brenda W. J. H.·2014·British Journal of Psychiatry

DOI 10.1192/bjp.bp.113.143081PMC PMC4118052

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Abstract

Background: Research on gene×environment interaction in major depressive disorder (MDD) has thus far primarily focused on candidate genes, although genetic effects are known to be polygenic. Aims: To test whether the effect of polygenic risk scores on MDD is moderated by childhood trauma. Method: The study sample consisted of 1645 participants with a DSM-IV diagnosis of MDD and 340 screened controls from The Netherlands. Chronic or remitted episodes (severe MDD) were present in 956 participants. The occurrence of childhood trauma was assessed with the Childhood Trauma Interview and the polygenic risk scores were based on genome-wide meta-analysis results from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. Results: The polygenic risk scores and childhood trauma independently affected MDD risk, and evidence was found for interaction as departure from both multiplicativity and additivity, indicating that the effect of polygenic risk scores on depression is increased in the presence of childhood trauma. The interaction effects were similar in predicting all MDD risk and severe MDD risk, and explained a proportion of variation in MDD risk comparable to the polygenic risk scores themselves. Conclusions: The interaction effect found between polygenic risk scores and childhood trauma implies that (1) studies on direct genetic effect on MDD gain power by focusing on individuals exposed to childhood trauma, and that (2) individuals with both high polygenic risk scores and exposure to childhood trauma are particularly at risk for developing MDD.

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Authors: Peyrot, W. J., Milaneschi, Y., Abdellaoui, A., Sullivan, P. F., Hottenga, J. J., Boomsma, D. I., & Penninx, B. W. J. H.
Affiliations: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
Corresponding author: Peyrot, Wouter J.
ORCID: Peyrot, Wouter J.
Milaneschi, Yuri
Abdellaoui, Abdel
Sullivan, Patrick F.
Hottenga, Jouke J.
Boomsma, Dorret I.
Penninx, Brenda W. J. H.
Venue: British Journal of Psychiatry
Publisher: Royal College of Psychiatrists
Published: 2014-08
Volume: 205
Issue: 2
Pages: 113-119
ISSN: 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
1472-1465
DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.113.143081
PMC: PMC4118052
OpenAlex: W2149016179
Cited by: 209
References: 39
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 2
FWCI: 9.41
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified, 1250 d)
Locations: The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion, other-oa)
VU Research Portal (submittedVersion)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (10-000-1002, NWO 480‐05‐003, 480- 05-003)
GGZ inGeest
Centre for Medical Systems Biology
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
National Institute of Mental Health (MH080403, U01MH085520, HEALTH-F4-2007-201413, MH085520, RC2MH089951, R01MH080403)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Keywords: polygenic risk score, childhood trauma, major depressive disorder, gene-environment interaction, severe depression, genetic risk, Psychiatric Genomics Consortium
MeSH terms: Adult, Child, Child Abuse, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Netherlands, Risk Factors, Case-Control Studies, Risk Assessment, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Adult Survivors of Child Abuse, Gene-Environment Interaction

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