The DOI matches its Crossref record; 23 of the 23 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Has the science of mindfulness lost its mind?
Open accessAbstract
Summary: The excitement about the application of mindfulness meditation in mental health settings has led to the proliferation of a literature pervaded by a lack of conceptual and methodological self-criticism. In this article we raise two major concerns. First, we consider the range of individual differences within the experience of meditation; although some people may benefit from its practice, others will not be affected in any substantive way, and a number of individuals may suffer moderate to serious adverse effects. Second, we address the insufficient or inconclusive evidence for its benefits, particularly when mindfulness-based interventions are compared with other activities or treatments. We end with suggestions on how to improve the quality of research into mindfulness interventions and outline key issues for clinicians considering referring patients for these interventions.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“This area requires further investigation as adverse effects of mindfulness-based approaches, including exacerbated psychological problems, have been reported (Farias & Wikholm, 2016).”
From A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Exploring Effects of Third-Wave Psychological Therapies on Hearing-Related Distress, Depression, Anxiety, and Quality of Life in People With Audiological Problems. (2022) · cites this paper as Farias & Wikholm, 2016
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Using Self-Report Assessment Methods to Explore Facets of Mindfulness
Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191105283504 · Cited by 7,511
Prevention of relapse/recurrence in major depression by mindfulness-based cognitive therapy.
Teasdale, J. D., Segal, Z. V., Williams, J. M. G., Ridgeway, V. A., Soulsby, J. M., & Lau, M. A. (2000) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.68.4.615 · Cited by 3,236
Meditation Programs for Psychological Stress and Well-being: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Goyal, M., Singh, S., Sibinga, E. M. S., Gould, N. F., Rowland-Seymour, A., Sharma, R., Berger, Z., Sleicher, D., Maron, D. D., Shihab, H. M., et al. (2014) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.13018 · Cited by 2,380
Mindfulness-based therapy: a comprehensive meta-analysis
Khoury, B., Lecomte, T., Fortin, G., Masse, M., Therien, P., Bouchard, V., Chapleau, M.-A., Paquin, K., & Hofmann, S. G. (2013) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2013.05.005 · Cited by 2,003
Ma, S. H., & Teasdale, J. D. (2004) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.72.1.31 · Cited by 1,390
The psychological effects of meditation: a meta-analysis
Sedlmeier, P., Eberth, J., Schwarz, M., Zimmermann, D., Haarig, F., Jaeger, S., & Kunze, S. (2012) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0028168 · Cited by 910
Fox, K. C. R., Nijeboer, S., Dixon, M. L., Floman, J. L., Ellamil, M., Rumak, S. P., Sedlmeier, P., & Christoff, K. (2014) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.03.016 · Cited by 804
Physiological effects of transcendental meditation
Wallace, R. K. (1970) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.167.3926.1751 · Cited by 653
A wakeful hypometabolic physiologic state
Wallace, R. K., Benson, H., & Wilson, A. (1971) · American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content · doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1971.221.3.795 · Cited by 599
Kuyken, W., Hayes, R., Barrett, B., Byng, R., Dalgleish, T., Kessler, D., Lewis, G., Watkins, E., Brejcha, C., Cardy, J., et al. (2015) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(14)62222-4 · Cited by 527
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- 1. Wellcome Trust. Large-scale trial will assess effectiveness of teaching mindfulness in UK schools (press release). Wellcome Trust 2015
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–140 of 140
Search Inside Yourself: Google, Mindfulness, and Workplace Wellbeing
Downing, L. (2024) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-80455-584-220241006 · Cited by 1
Korving, C., & Munro, N. (2024) · South African Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1177/00812463241287896 · Cited by 1
Using Pedagogies of Emergence to Cultivate Well-Being in Students
Castillo, L. (2024) · British Journal of Educational Studies · doi:10.1080/00071005.2024.2422451 · Cited by 1
Why mindfulness matters in musculoskeletal therapies: a narrative review
Bablis, P., Day, R. R., Bablis, S., & Pollard, H. P. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1518141 · Cited by 2
Qi, Y., Yan, Z., Liu, Y., Turel, O., Zhang, X., Zhao, H., Liu, J., Zhang, Y., & He, Q. (2026) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/19585969.2026.2637718 · Cited by 1
Kritische Reflexion der Achtsamkeitsverfahren
Jansen, P., Seidl, F., & Richter, S. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-57854-4_4 · Cited by 1
Dixon, H. C., Reynolds, L., & Consedine, N. S. (2023) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224499.2023.2196279 · Cited by 1
(En) pleine conscience : revue critique du concept
Kotsou, I., & Leys, C. (2023) · HEGEL - HEpato-GastroEntérologie Libérale · doi:10.3917/heg.132.0146 · Cited by 1
Noone, C. (2016) · Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology) · doi:10.13025/17145 · Cited by 1
Noetel, M., Ciarrochi, J., Conigrave, J. H., & Lonsdale, C. (2020) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/8bk7m · Cited by 1
Personalizing Practice using Preferences for Meditation Anchor ModalityPreprint
Anderson, T., & Farb, N. A. S. (2017) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/n75pk · Cited by 1
Chakroun, N., Shankland, R., & Fall, E. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3249417/v1 · Cited by 1
Gesundheit und Wohlbefinden – was kann jeder tun?
Gründer, G. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-61713-7_6
Mental Ailments and Covid Pandemic: New Targets for Mindfulness Interventions ?
Giraldi, T. (2021) · Psychology and Behavioral Science International Journal · doi:10.19080/pbsij.2019.10.555941
Health and Well-Being: What Can Everyone Do?
Gründer, G. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-64225-2_6
Cole, F., Lovell, K., Ekers, D., & Gask, L. L. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781911623038.030
Does Meditation Improve Cognition Through Sleep?Preprint
Rankaduwa, S., Owen, A. M., & Nichols, E. S. (2022) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/d4czh
Digital technologies: Are they the solution for young people's mental health?
Thornton, S. (2023) · British Journal of Child Health · doi:10.12968/chhe.2023.4.3.151
Mindfulness and Consumption: Routes Toward Consumer Self-Control
Vedolin, L. (2023) · OpenArchive@CBS (Copenhagen Business School) · doi:10.22439/phd.25.2023
Facilitating Meditation Practice in the Higher Education Classroom: A Conceptual Framework
Haberlin, S. (2023) · College Teaching · doi:10.1080/87567555.2023.2296081
WITHDRAWNPreprint
Bose, J. (2024) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/6mghw
Mindfulness East and West, Cognitive Therapies and Biological Psychiatry
Giraldi, T. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-69244-4_8
Oku, R. M. G., Carassa, B. P., & Lima, M. M. (2024) · Brazilian Journal of Health Review · doi:10.34119/bjhrv7n5-213
Krägeloh, C. U., & Medvedev, O. N. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-0821-5_6-1
From Dharma to Dialogue: A Scoping Review of Couple Interventions Based on Buddhist Wisdom
Mary, T., & Gopal, B. (2025) · Contemporary Family Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10591-024-09726-8 · Cited by 1
Anderson, C. D., Hall, S., Steadman, M., McCallister, C., Humphries, D., & Loosli, F. (2025) · Journal of Disability & Religion · doi:10.1080/23312521.2025.2457772
Mindfulness and the Practice of Counseling
Cashwell, C. S., & Young, J. S. (2025) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781394347254.ch11
Fears and Resistances to Mindfulness Scale (FRMS)
Gilbert, P., Plowright, P., Morter, K., & Basran, J. K. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-77644-2_141-1
Fears and Resistances to Mindfulness Scale (FRMS)
Gilbert, P., Plowright, P., Morter, K., & Basran, J. K. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-47219-0_141
Mindfulness Est e Ovest, terapie cognitive e psichiatria biologica
Giraldi, T. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-00435-2_8
The interplay of psychedelic use and meditation in shaping psychological well-being
Krabbe, A., Sikka, P., & Jylkkä, J. (2025) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2025.103977 · Cited by 2
Karl, J. A., & Fischer, R. (2024) · OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)
Dōgen and the Boundaries of Secular Mindfulness
Miller, E. (2026) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-026-02852-4
Kurumsal Bağlamda Bilinçli Farkındalık: Çalışanlar İçin Farkındalık Temelli Bir Uygulama
Gül, Z. T., & Alcı, B. (2026) · MSGSÜ Akademi Dergisi · doi:10.56074/msgsuakademi.1856520
Cheung, S., Kuriakose, A., & Kwok, G. (2026) · Frontiers in Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.3389/fradm.2026.1922383
Metadata
- Authors
- Farias, M., & Wikholm, C.
- Affiliations
- Coventry University (GB)
- National Health Service (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Farias, Miguel
- ORCID
- Farias, Miguel
- Venue
- BJPsych Bulletin
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 2016-12
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 329-332
- ISSN
- 2056-4694 (ISSN-L)
- 2056-4708
- PMC
- PMC5353526
- OpenAlex
- W2528576345
- Cited by
- 140
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 12.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- BJPsych Bulletin (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure (Coventry University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Coventry University Open Collections (Coventry university) (submittedVersion)
- The Open Collections (Coventry University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
- Keywords
- mindfulness meditation, mindfulness-based interventions, research quality, clinical referral, psychotherapy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review