Criteria for compulsory admission in some European countries.
Open accessAbstract
Compulsory admission to mental health facilities is a controversial topic, as it impinges on personal liberty and the right to choose, and it carries the risk of abuse for political, social and other reasons (Gostin, 2000). However, involuntary admission can prevent harm to self and others, and assist people in attaining their right to health, which, due to their mental disorder, they are unable to manage voluntarily. Since the 1950s and 1960s, the delivery of mental health has shifted from a paternalistic emphasis on the need to treat those who are not able to look after themselves, to the rights of patients who have a mental illness. The Principles for the Protection of Persons with Mental Illness (‘the MI Principles’) adopted by the United Nations in 1991 play an important role in raising awareness about the human rights of people with mental health problems. They provide guidance on areas such as the procedures for involuntary admission to mental health facilities and standards of care (Knapp et al, 2007). Legal frameworks for involuntary placement of those who are mentally ill have been reformed in many European countries. Most regulate compulsory admission and treatment by special mental health laws. Only Greece, Spain, Italy and those member states of the European Union (EU) that joined in 2004 and 2007 have no separate laws (Dressing & Salize, 2004).
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Main limitations for psychotherapy in acute settings consist of short hospital stays and patients' difficulties to engage due to treatment resistance, high distrust, emotional distress, severe cognitive deficits, and dual diagnoses.
“Main limitations consist of short hospital stays (111) and patients’ general difficulties to engage with traditional psychotherapy concepts due to treatment resistance (112, 113), high distrust levels toward the entire environment (114), emotional distress (115), severe cognitive deficits (116), and dual diagnoses (117).”
From Developing a mechanism-based therapy for acute psychiatric inpatients with psychotic symptoms: an Intervention Mapping approach (2023) · cites this paper as [112]
The cited paper’s section on the demographic characteristics of detained patients mentions dementia among diagnoses, but does not discuss cognitive deficits as a barrier to psychotherapy. Searches for cognitive deficits and psychotherapy engagement found no passage addressing the point attributed to citation 116. (LLM, conf=0.75)
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Ethical Issues in Clinical Decision-Making about Involuntary Psychiatric Treatment: A Scoping Review
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“Main limitations consist of short hospital stays (111) and patients’ general difficulties to engage with traditional psychotherapy concepts due to treatment resistance (112, 113), high distrust levels toward the entire environment (114), emotional distress (115), severe cognitive deficits (116), and dual diagnoses (11…”
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Safety and Security: A Delicate Balance
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- Authors
- Carballedo, A., & Doyle, M.
- Affiliations
- St. James's Hospital (IE)
- Venue
- International Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2011-08
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 68-71
- ISSN
- 1749-3676 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6735031
- OpenAlex
- W2783142925
- Cited by
- 7
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Healthcare Decision-Making and Restraints
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health, Medicine and Society
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychiatric care and mental health services
- Keywords
- involuntary admission, mental health law, involuntary treatment, human rights of people with mental illness, right to liberty, right to health, legal reform
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