Aluminum Is a Potential Environmental Factor for Crohn's Disease Induction: Extended Hypothesis
Abstract
Abstract: Aluminum (Al) is a common environmental compound with immune‐adjuvant activity and granulomatous inflammation inducer. Al exposure in food, additives, air, pharmaceuticals, and water pollution is ubiquitous in Western culture. Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic relapsing intestinal inflammation in genetically susceptible individuals and is influenced by yet unidentified environmental factors. It is hypothesized, in the present review, that Al is a potential factor for induction or maintaining the inflammation in CD. Epidemiologically, CD incidence is higher in urban areas, where microparticle pollution is prevalent. Al immune activities share many characteristics with the immune pathology of CD: increased antigen presentation and APCs activation, many luminal bacterial or dietary compounds can be adsorbed to the metal and induce Th1 profile activity, promotion of humoral and cellular immune responses, proinflammatory, apoptotic, oxidative activity, and stress‐related molecule expression enhancement, affecting intestinal bacterial composition and virulence, granuloma formation, colitis induction in an animal model of CD, and terminal ileum uptake. The Al–bacterial interaction, the microparticles homing the intestine together with the extensive immune activity, put Al as a potential environmental candidate for CD induction and maintenance.
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Al exposure has pro-inflammatory actions in various tissues.
“Pro-inflammatory actions of Al have been reported in various tissues (Fogarty et al., 1998; Verma et al., 2007; Lerner, 2007; Exley, 2013; Taiwo, 2014; de Chambrun et al., 2014; Gherardi et al., 2016; Martinez et al., 2017; Hangouche et al., 2017).”
From Aluminium toxicosis: a review of toxic actions and effects (2019) · cites this paper as Lerner, 2007
In individuals genetically susceptible to Crohn's disease, Al is linked to the induction and persistence of chronic relapsing intestinal inflammation.
“In individuals that are genetically susceptible to Crohn’s disease, Al is linked to the induction and persistence of the chronic relapsing intestinal inflammation (Lerner, 2007).”
From Aluminium toxicosis: a review of toxic actions and effects (2019) · cites this paper as Lerner, 2007
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Aluminium toxicosis: a review of toxic actions and effects
Igbokwe, I. O., Igwenagu, E., & Igbokwe, N. A. (2019) · Interdisciplinary Toxicology · doi:10.2478/intox-2019-0007 · Cited by 395 · see citing works
“Pro-inflammatory actions of Al have been reported in various tissues (Fogarty et al., 1998; Verma et al., 2007; Lerner, 2007; Exley, 2013; Taiwo, 2014; de Chambrun et al., 2014; Gherardi et al., 2016; Martinez et al., 2017; Hangouche et al., 2017).”
BackgroundAluminum enhances inflammation and decreases mucosal healing in experimental colitis in mice
Pineton de Chambrun, G., Body-Malapel, M., Frey-Wagner, I., Djouina, M., Deknuydt, F., Atrott, K., Esquerre, N., Altare, F., Neut, C., Arrieta, M. C., et al. (2014) · Mucosal Immunology · doi:10.1038/mi.2013.78 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
- Authors
- LERNER, A.
- Affiliations
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology (IL)
- Corresponding author
- LERNER, AARON
- ORCID
- LERNER, AARON
- Venue
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2007-06
- Volume
- 1107
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 329-345
- ISSN
- 0077-8923 (ISSN-L)
- 1749-6632
- OpenAlex
- W2124103437
- Cited by
- 44
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 1.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Aluminum toxicity and tolerance in plants and animals
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity
- Keywords
- aluminum, Crohn's disease, environmental risk factors, granulomatous inflammation, antigen presentation, antigen-presenting cells, Th1 response, oxidative stress, apoptosis, gut microbiota, colitis, terminal ileum, urbanization
- MeSH terms
- Aluminum, Animals, Crohn Disease, Humans, Ileum, Immune System
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