Retinoic acid in the immune system
Open accessAbstract
On occasion, emerging scientific fields intersect and great discoveries result. In the last decade, the discovery of regulatory T cells (T reg) in immunity has revolutionized our understanding of how the immune system is controlled. Intersecting the rapidly emerging field of T reg function, has been the discovery that retinoic acid (RA) controls both the homing and differentiation of T reg. Instantly, the wealth and breadth of knowledge of the molecular basis for RA action, its receptors, and how it controls cellular differentiation can and will be exploited to understand its profound effects on T reg. Historically, vitamin A deprivation and repletion and RA agonists have been shown to profoundly affect immunity. Now these findings can be interpreted in light of the revelations that RA controls leukocyte homing and T reg function.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Vitamin A acts as a cofactor in the proliferation and differentiation of regulatory T cells and several immune functions through indirect processes.
“The vitamin acts as a cofactor in the proliferation and differentiation of regulatory T cells and several immune functions through indirect processes [204,205,206,207].”
From Vitamin A Update: Forms, Sources, Kinetics, Detection, Function, Deficiency, Therapeutic Use and Toxicity (2021) · cites this paper as [206]
The Introduction and the ‘RA, Regulatory T Cells (nTreg), and Tolerance’ section (pages unavailable) describe vitamin A’s active derivative, retinoic acid, as regulating immunity and enhancing regulatory T-cell growth and differentiation. The source does not characterize vitamin A as a cofactor acting through indirect processes; it also describes direct effects of retinoic acid on T cells. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet
References 118 · Cited by 138
- Authors
- Pino‐Lagos, K., Benson, M. J., & Noelle, R. J.
- Affiliations
- Dartmouth College (US)
- Corresponding author
- Noelle, Randolph J.
- Venue
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-11
- Volume
- 1143
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 170-187
- ISSN
- 0077-8923 (ISSN-L)
- 1749-6632
- PMC
- PMC3826166
- OpenAlex
- W2021686235
- Cited by
- 138
- References
- 118
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 0.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (P30CA023108)
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (R01AT005382)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinoids in leukemia and cellular processes
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Psoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis
- Keywords
- retinoic acid, regulatory T cells, Treg homing, Treg differentiation, retinoic acid receptor, vitamin A, leukocyte homing, immune regulation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Differentiation, Humans, Immune System, Retinol-Binding Proteins, Tretinoin, Signal Transduction, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
