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Bruton Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Ibrutinib (PCI-32765) Has Significant Activity in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory B-Cell Malignancies
Open accessAbstract
Purpose: Survival and progression of mature B-cell malignancies depend on signals from the B-cell antigen receptor, and Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a critical signaling kinase in this pathway. We evaluated ibrutinib (PCI-32765), a small-molecule irreversible inhibitor of BTK, in patients with B-cell malignancies. Patients and Methods: Patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia received escalating oral doses of ibrutinib. Two schedules were evaluated: one, 28 days on, 7 days off; and two, once-daily continuous dosing. Occupancy of BTK by ibrutinib in peripheral blood was monitored using a fluorescent affinity probe. Dose escalation proceeded until either the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) was achieved or, in the absence of MTD, until three dose levels above full BTK occupancy by ibrutinib. Response was evaluated every two cycles. Results: Fifty-six patients with a variety of B-cell malignancies were treated over seven cohorts. Most adverse events were grade 1 and 2 in severity and self-limited. Dose-limiting events were not observed, even with prolonged dosing. Full occupancy of the BTK active site occurred at 2.5 mg/kg per day, and dose escalation continued to 12.5 mg/kg per day without reaching MTD. Pharmacokinetic data indicated rapid absorption and elimination, yet BTK occupancy was maintained for at least 24 hours, consistent with the irreversible mechanism. Objective response rate in 50 evaluable patients was 60%, including complete response of 16%. Median progression-free survival in all patients was 13.6 months. Conclusion: Ibrutinib, a novel BTK-targeting inhibitor, is well tolerated, with substantial activity across B-cell histologies.
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“The rapid clearance of ibrutinib (which has a half-life of 2–3 h) could also enable kinase selectivity; ibrutinib should maintain activity against BTK owing to prolonged covalent engagement, while the reversible inhibition of off-targets is minimized65.”
From Advances in covalent drug discovery (2022) · cites this paper as [65]
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“This finding is of particular interest since a number of pharmacological agents have been developed to target BCR downstream activity (Figure 2), being of particular interest the data obtained from the BTK inhibitor PCI32765 (ibrutinib) in multiple B-cell lymphomas including MCL, a lymphoma known not to be responsive…”
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BackgroundTargeting Bruton's tyrosine kinase with ibrutinib in B‐cell malignancies
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“Preclinical efficacy in B-cell malignancies was first reported in 2010 [14] and results from a phase 1 clinical trial using ibrutinib to treat patients with B-cell malignancies was published in 2012 [15].”
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“As abnormal BCR activation is linked to chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) the BTK inhibitor has also been examined as a tool to kill CLL cells.”
BackgroundInfluentialTargeting B-cell receptor signaling: changing the paradigm
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Self-citationOptimized Near-IR Fluorescent Agents for in Vivo Imaging of Btk Expression
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Novel Indications for Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors, beyond Hematological Malignancies
Campbell, R., Chong, G., & Hawkes, E. A. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm7040062 · Cited by 56
“Ibrutinib efficacy is currently being explored in most B-cell malignancies including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma [11], follicular lymphoma [12], lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma [13], multiple myeloma [14], and primary CNS lymphoma [15].”
BackgroundGoldmann, L., Duan, R., Kragh, T., Wittmann, G., Weber, C., Lorenz, R. L., von Hundelshausen, P., Spannagl, M., & Siess, W. (2019) · Blood Advances · doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000617 · Cited by 56
“78 mM, respectively) that are required to fully inhibit BTK in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.(40,41) Third, fenebrutinib, which belongs to the class of reversible BTKi’s that do not inhibit Tec in kinase assays,(20) completely suppressed platelet FcgRIIA activation in blood with a very low IC50 value (11 nM).”
BackgroundTargeting BCL-2 in Hematologic Malignancies
Khan, N., & Kahl, B. S. (2018) · Targeted Oncology · doi:10.1007/s11523-018-0560-7 · Cited by 59
“and parallel the high responses seen with the first-in-class BTK inhibitor, ibrutinib, in MCL [34].”
ResultInfluentialWaldenstrom macroglobulinemia: prognosis and management
Oza, A. M., & Rajkumar, S. V. (2015) · Blood Cancer Journal · doi:10.1038/bcj.2015.28 · Cited by 58
Targeting glycogen synthase kinase 3 for therapeutic benefit in lymphoma
Wu, X., Stenson, M. J., Abeykoon, J. P., Nowakowski, K. E., Zhang, L., Lawson, J., Wellik, L. E., Li, Y., Krull, J. E., Wenzl, K., et al. (2019) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.2018874560 · Cited by 55
Overcoming resistance to targeted therapies in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Skånland, S. S., & Mato, A. R. (2021) · Blood Advances · doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003423 · Cited by 55
“5 mg/kg per day).(43) Furthermore, treatment with ibrutinib decreases the level of BTK transcripts and protein in a time-dependent manner, which may suggest that ibrutinib can be administered at lower doses for long-term maintenance.”
BackgroundAcalabrutinib: A Selective Bruton Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor for the Treatment of B-Cell Malignancies
Abbas, H. A., & Wierda, W. G. (2021) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2021.668162 · Cited by 54
“Completed N/A Active, not recruiting (64) Active, not recruiting N/A Active, not recruiting (54)”
BackgroundTargeting Protein Kinases Degradation by PROTACs
Yu, F., Cai, M., Shao, L., & Zhang, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Chemistry · doi:10.3389/fchem.2021.679120 · Cited by 55
“Research on BTKs is advancing considerably, with the BTK inhibitors ibrutinib (Advani et al., 2013), acalabrutinib (Byrd et al.”
BackgroundBTK inhibition limits microglia-perpetuated CNS inflammation and promotes myelin repair
Geladaris, A., Torke, S., Saberi, D., Alankus, Y. B., Streit, F., Zechel, S., Stadelmann, C., Fischer, A., Boschert, U., Häusler, D., et al. (2024) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-024-02730-0 · Cited by 54
“…in peripheral blood mononuclear cells has been used as a surrogate marker for inhibition of BTK activity by first line BTK inhibitors in cancer [2] and clinical data generated during the Phase 2 evobrutinib development program in participants with relapsing MS demonstrated a dose-dependent…”
BackgroundEzell, S. A., Mayo, M., Bihani, T., Tepsuporn, S., Wang, S., Passino, M. A., Grosskurth, S. E., Collins, M., Parmentier, J. M., Reimer, C., et al. (2014) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.2071 · Cited by 54
Discovery of a Selective Irreversible BMX Inhibitor for Prostate Cancer
Liu, F., Zhang, X., Weisberg, E., Chen, S., Hur, W., Wu, H., Zhao, Z., Wang, W., Mao, M., Cai, C., et al. (2013) · ACS Chemical Biology · doi:10.1021/cb4000629 · Cited by 54
Lu, P., Wang, S., Franzen, C. A., Venkataraman, G., McClure, R. F., Li, L., Wu, W., Niu, N., SUKHANOVA, M. J., Pei, J., et al. (2021) · Blood Cancer Journal · doi:10.1038/s41408-021-00429-z · Cited by 53
Walter, H. S., Jayne, S., Rule, S. A., Cartron, G., Morschhauser, F., Macip, S., Karlin, L., Jones, C. H., Herbaux, C., Quittet, P., et al. (2017) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2017-02-765115 · Cited by 53
“Nevertheless, the kinome of ibrutinib is broad, resulting in toxicities including bleeding, arthralgia, diarrhea, hypertension, and atrial fibrillation.(3-6) Up to 20% of patients discontinue ibrutinib due to toxicity.”
BackgroundMurray, M. Y., Zaitseva, L., Auger, M. J., Craig, J. I. O., MacEwan, D. J., Rushworth, S. A., & Bowles, K. M. (2015) · Cell Cycle · doi:10.1080/15384101.2014.998067 · Cited by 55
Shinohara, M., Chang, B. Y., Buggy, J. J., Nagai, Y., Kodama, T., Asahara, H., & Takayanagi, H. (2013) · Bone · doi:10.1016/j.bone.2013.11.025 · Cited by 54
“In contrast, ibrutinib treatment did not affect serum levels of a variety of components determined by blood chemistry tests in a various mouse model [14], and there was no effect of ibrutinib on liver and renal functions even in humans [32–34], suggesting that ibrutinib has no severe side effects.”
BackgroundSelf-citationGuo, A., Lu, P., Coffey, G., Conley, P., Pandey, A., & Wang, Y. L. (2017) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.14588 · Cited by 52
“Our previous studies showed that ibrutinib, at a clinically achievable concentration of 500 nM (in human Cmax is 408 nM [1]), had little effect on cell survival with stromal co-culture [9, 14].”
BackgroundGuo, A., Lu, P., Galanina, N., Nabhan, C., Smith, S. M., Coleman, M., & Wang, Y. L. (2015) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.6727 · Cited by 51
“The maximal plasma concentration achievable in patients is 408 nM according to a previous pharmacokinetics study [38, 39].”
Self-citationBernard, S., Danglade, D., Gardano, L., Laguillier, C., Lazarian, G., Roger, C., Thiéblemont, C., Marzec, J., Gribben, J. G., Cymbalista, F., et al. (2014) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.29326 · Cited by 52
Overview on the management of non-gastric MALT lymphomas
Defrancesco, I., & Arcaini, L. (2017) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Haematology · doi:10.1016/j.beha.2017.11.001 · Cited by 52
de Jong, J., Hellemans, P., Wilde, S. D., Patricia, D., Masterson, T. J., Manikhas, G., Myasnikov, A., Шевкетович, О. Д., Córdoba, R., Panizo, C., et al. (2018) · Leukemia & lymphoma/Leukemia and lymphoma · doi:10.1080/10428194.2018.1460474 · Cited by 54
Self-citationBecnel, M., Nastoupil, L. J., Samaniego, F., Davis, R. E., You, M. J., Green, M., Hagemeister, F. B., Fanale, M. A., Fayad, L., Westin, J. R., et al. (2019) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1111/bjh.15843 · Cited by 52
Self-citationOvercoming Ibrutinib Resistance in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Puła, B., Gołoś, A., Górniak, P., & Jamroziak, K. (2019) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers11121834 · Cited by 52
“In the phase I study (#NCT00849654), ibrutinib monotherapy showed a 69% overall response rate (ORR) with 16% patients achieving complete response (CR) [49].”
BackgroundRegulation of B-Cell Receptor Signaling and Its Therapeutic Relevance in Aggressive B-Cell Lymphomas
Profitós-Pelejà, N., Santos, J. C., Marín‐Niebla, A., Roué, G., & Ribeiro, M. L. (2022) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers14040860 · Cited by 53
Shi, X., Song, S., Ding, Z., Fan, B., Huang, W. Z., & Xu, T. (2019) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.xphs.2019.04.031 · Cited by 52
Kim, E., & Dhillon, S. (2015) · Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40265-015-0380-3 · Cited by 51
“This lymphocytosis is thought to reflect a redistribution of malignant lymphocytes between different anatomical compartments, probably because of a disruption of BCR-mediated stromal chemotaxis and adhesion [27, 29].”
InfluentialHair and Nail Changes During Long-term Therapy With Ibrutinib for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Bitar, C., Farooqui, M. Z. H., Valdez, J., Saba, N. S., Soto, S., Bray, A., Marti, G. E., Wiestner, A. U., & Cowen, E. W. (2016) · JAMA Dermatology · doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2016.0225 · Cited by 50
The potential of venetoclax (ABT-199) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Itchaki, G., & Brown, J. R. (2016) · Therapeutic Advances in Hematology · doi:10.1177/2040620716655350 · Cited by 51
Bose, P., Gandhi, V. V., & Keating, M. J. (2016) · Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology · doi:10.1080/17425255.2016.1239717 · Cited by 52
“5 mg/kg/day of ibrutinib in the phase I study in relapsed/refractory B-cell malignancies [48].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialMing, M., Wu, W., Xie, B., SUKHANOVA, M. J., Wang, W., Kadri, S., Sharma, S., Lee, J., Shacham, S., Landesman, Y., et al. (2018) · Molecular Cancer Therapeutics · doi:10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0789-atr · Cited by 50
Addition of BTK inhibitor orelabrutinib to rituximab improved anti-tumor effects in B cell lymphoma
Yu, H., Wang, X., Li, J., Ye, Y., Wang, D., Fang, W., Mi, L., Ding, N., Wang, X., Song, Y., et al. (2021) · Molecular Therapy — Oncolytics · doi:10.1016/j.omto.2021.03.015 · Cited by 49
Next Generation BTK Inhibitors in CLL: Evolving Challenges and New Opportunities
Frustaci, A. M., Deodato, M., Zamprogna, G., Cairoli, R., Montillo, M., & Tedeschi, A. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15051504 · Cited by 50
“It is important to highlight that at this dosage, when adjusted for plasma protein binding, zanubrutinib exposure is approximately eight-fold higher than that observed with ibrutinib 560 mg daily [37,38].”
BackgroundRood, J. J. M., van Hoppe, S., Schinkel, A. H., Schellens, J. H. M., Beijnen, J. H., & Sparidans, R. W. (2015) · Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2015.10.033 · Cited by 49
Binding Sites of Anticancer Drugs on Human Serum Albumin (HSA): A Review
Molaei, P., Mahaki, H., Manoochehri, H., & Tanzadehpanah, H. (2022) · Protein and Peptide Letters · doi:10.2174/0929866529666220426124834 · Cited by 47
Papachristos, A., Patel, J. N., Vasileiou, M., & Patrinos, G. P. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15123233 · Cited by 48
“5 mg/kg (more than half the fixed-dose in an average adult weighing 70–80 kg) resulted in 95% BTK receptor occupancy, which did not increase with further dose escalation [47].”
BackgroundLanasa, M. C., Andritsos, L. A., Brown, J. R., Gabrilove, J. L., Caligaris‐Cappio, F., Ghia, P., Larson, R. A., Kipps, T. J., Leblond, V., Milligan, D. W., et al. (2015) · Leukemia Research · doi:10.1016/j.leukres.2015.02.001 · Cited by 48
Single cell imaging of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase using an irreversible inhibitor
Turetsky, A., Kim, E., Köhler, R. H., Miller, M. A., & Weissleder, R. (2014) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep04782 · Cited by 47
BCR Signaling in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Related Inhibitors Currently in Clinical Studies
Robak, T., & Robak, P. J. (2013) · International Reviews of Immunology · doi:10.3109/08830185.2013.786711 · Cited by 47
“%) patients with CLL/SLL. Median progression free survival (PFS) in all patients was 13.6 months.”
MethodInfluentialB-Cell Receptor Signaling in Lymphoid Malignancies and Autoimmunity
Avalos, A. M., Meyer‐Wentrup, F. A. G., & Ploegh, H. L. (2014) · Advances in immunology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800266-7.00004-2 · Cited by 47
“In a phase I study of adult patients with relapsed and refractory B-NHL and CLL, a complete or partial response was observed in 40% of participants (Advani et al., 2013).”
BackgroundDevelopment of the Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib for B cell malignancies
Gayko, U., Fung, M., Clow, F., Sun, S. H., Faust, E. A., Price, S., James, D. F., Doyle, M., Bari, S., & Zhuang, S. H. (2015) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.12878 · Cited by 52
Metadata
- Authors
- Advani, R. H., Buggy, J. J., Sharman, J. P., Smith, S. M., Boyd, T. E., Grant, B., Kolibaba, K. S., Furman, R. R., Rodriguez, S., Chang, B. Y., Sukbuntherng, J., Izumi, R., Hamdy, A., Hedrick, E., & Fowler, N. H.
- Affiliations
- University of Vermont (US)
- Corresponding author
- Advani, Ranjana H.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Oncology
- Published
- 2013-01-01
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 88-94
- ISSN
- 0732-183X (ISSN-L)
- 1527-7755
- PMC
- PMC5505166
- OpenAlex
- W2171771895
- Cited by
- 1,128
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 90 · 2020: 79 · 2019: 92 · 2018: 73 · 2017: 117 · 2016: 94 · 2015: 135 · 2014: 134 · 2013: 110
- FWCI
- 58.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Oncology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Abbott Laboratories
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Gilead Sciences
- Celgene
- Genentech
- Takeda Oncology
- Pharmacyclics
- National Cancer Institute (P30CA016672)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders research
- Keywords
- ibrutinib, BTK inhibitors, relapsed/refractory B-cell malignancies, B-cell lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, B cell receptor signaling, irreversible kinase inhibitors, BTK occupancy, dose-limiting toxicity, pharmacokinetics, progression-free survival
- MeSH terms
- Agammaglobulinaemia Tyrosine Kinase, Adenine, Administration, Oral, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Neoplasm Staging, Piperidines, Prognosis, Protein-Tyrosine Kinases, Pyrazoles, Pyrimidines, Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell, Lymphoma, B-Cell, Salvage Therapy, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm, Maximum Tolerated Dose, Protein Kinase Inhibitors
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