Mutational Spectrum, Copy Number Changes, and Outcome: Results of a Sequencing Study of Patients With Newly Diagnosed Myeloma
Open accessAbstract
Purpose: At the molecular level, myeloma is characterized by copy number abnormalities and recurrent translocations into the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus. Novel methods, such as massively parallel sequencing, have begun to describe the pattern of tumor-acquired mutations, but their clinical relevance has yet to be established. Methods: We performed whole-exome sequencing for 463 patients who presented with myeloma and were enrolled onto the National Cancer Research Institute Myeloma XI trial, for whom complete molecular cytogenetic and clinical outcome data were available. Results: We identified 15 significantly mutated genes: IRF4, KRAS, NRAS, MAX, HIST1H1E, RB1, EGR1, TP53, TRAF3, FAM46C, DIS3, BRAF, LTB, CYLD, and FGFR3. The mutational spectrum is dominated by mutations in the RAS (43%) and nuclear factor-κB (17%) pathways, but although they are prognostically neutral, they could be targeted therapeutically. Mutations in CCND1 and DNA repair pathway alterations (TP53, ATM, ATR, and ZNFHX4 mutations) are associated with a negative impact on survival. In contrast, those in IRF4 and EGR1 are associated with a favorable overall survival. We combined these novel mutation risk factors with the recurrent molecular adverse features and international staging system to generate an international staging system mutation score that can identify a high-risk population of patients who experience relapse and die prematurely. Conclusion: We have refined our understanding of genetic events in myeloma and identified clinically relevant mutations that may be used to better stratify patients at presentation.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
KRAS and NRAS mutations induce activation of ERK and are common in MM, present in 23-54% at new diagnosis and increasing to 45-81% in RRMM patients.
“The mutations of KRAS and NRAS induce the activation of ERK are common in MM, and these mutations present in 23-54% with a new diagnosis, but it increases to 45-81% in RRMM patients [90–92].”
From Multiple myeloma: signaling pathways and targeted therapy (2024) · cites this paper as [90]
The Results (‘Significantly mutated genes and altered pathways’; page unavailable) report KRAS mutations in 21.2% and NRAS mutations in 19.4% of patients with newly diagnosed myeloma, supporting that these mutations are common and fall within the cited newly diagnosed range. The paper links them to RAS/MAPK pathway deregulation, but does not specifically report ERK activation or the claimed 45–81% frequency in relapsed or refractory myeloma; its Methods (‘Patient Samples’; page unavailable) describe a newly diagnosed cohort. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Kass, R. E., & Raftery, A. E. (1995) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1995.10476572 · Cited by 12,558 · see citing works
Regression Modeling Strategies
Harrell, F. E. (2001) · Springer series in statistics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-3462-1 · Cited by 9,357 · see citing works
Modeling Survival Data: Extending the Cox Model
Therneau, T. M., & Grambsch, P. M. (2000) · Statistics for Biology and Health · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-3294-8 · Cited by 8,674 · see citing works
Miller, R. G. (1981) · Cited by 3,299 · see citing works
ATM and ATR Substrate Analysis Reveals Extensive Protein Networks Responsive to DNA Damage
Matsuoka, S., Ballif, B. A., Smogorzewska, A., McDonald, E. R., Hurov, K. E., Luo, J., Bakalarski, C. E., Zhao, Z., Solimini, N., Lerenthal, Y., et al. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1140321 · Cited by 3,075 · see citing works
International Staging System for Multiple Myeloma
Greipp, P. R., Miguel, J. S., Durie, B. G. M., Crowley, J. J., Barlogie, B., Bladé, J., Boccadoro, M., Child, J. A., Avet-Loiseau, H., Kyle, R. A., et al. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2005.04.242 · Cited by 2,974 · see citing works
Self-citationDELLY: structural variant discovery by integrated paired-end and split-read analysis
Rausch, T., Zichner, T., Schlattl, A., Stütz, A. M., Beneš, V., & Korbel, J. O. (2012) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/bts378 · Cited by 2,384 · see citing works
Implementing a Class of Permutation Tests: The coin Package
Hothorn, T., Hornik, K., van de Wiel, M. A., & Zeileis, A. (2008) · Journal of Statistical Software · doi:10.18637/jss.v028.i08 · Cited by 1,497 · see citing works
Initial genome sequencing and analysis of multiple myeloma
Chapman, M. A., Lawrence, M. S., Keats, J. J., Cibulskis, K., Sougnez, C. L., Schinzel, A. C., Harview, C. L., Brunet, J.-P., Ahmann, G. J., Adli, M., et al. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09837 · Cited by 1,422 · see citing works
Boeva, V., Popova, T. G., Kevin Bleakley, A., Chiche, P., Cappo, J., Schleiermacher, G., Janoueix‐Lerosey, I., Delattre, O., & Barillot, E. (2011) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btr670 · Cited by 1,012 · see citing works
Widespread Genetic Heterogeneity in Multiple Myeloma: Implications for Targeted Therapy
Lohr, J. G., Stojanov, P., Carter, S. L., Cruz-Gordillo, P., Lawrence, M. S., Auclair, D., Sougnez, C., Knoechel, B., Gould, J., Saksena, G., et al. (2014) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2013.12.015 · Cited by 988 · see citing works
Annunziata, C. M., Davis, R. E., Demchenko, Y., Bellamy, W., Gabrea, A., Zhan, F., Lenz, G., Hanamura, I., Wright, G., Xiao, W., et al. (2007) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2007.07.004 · Cited by 952 · see citing works
Avet-Loiseau, H., Attal, M., Moreau, P., Charbonnel, C., Garban, F., Hulin, C., Leyvraz, S., Michallet, M., Yakoub-Agha, I., Garderet, L., et al. (2007) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2006-08-040410 · Cited by 940 · see citing works
The genetic architecture of multiple myeloma
Morgan, G. J., Walker, B. A., & Davies, F. E. (2012) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc3257 · Cited by 913 · see citing works
Self-citationA Lego System for Conditional Inference
Hothorn, T., Hornik, K., van de Wiel, M. A., & Zeileis, A. (2006) · The American Statistician · doi:10.1198/000313006x118430 · Cited by 894 · see citing works
Heterogeneity of genomic evolution and mutational profiles in multiple myeloma
Bolli, N., Avet-Loiseau, H., Wedge, D. C., Van Loo, P., Alexandrov, L. B., Martincorena, I., Dawson, K. J., Iorio, F., Nik-Zainal, S., Bignell, G. R., et al. (2014) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms3997 · Cited by 875 · see citing works
Clinical and biologic implications of recurrent genomic aberrations in myeloma
Fonseca, R., Blood, E., Rué, M., Harrington, D. P., Oken, M. M., Kyle, R. A., Dewald, G. W., Ness, B. V., Wier, S. A. V., Henderson, K. J., et al. (2003) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2002-10-3017 · Cited by 659 · see citing works
A default Bayesian hypothesis test for correlations and partial correlations
Wetzels, R., & Wagenmakers, E. (2012) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-012-0295-x · Cited by 511 · see citing works
Boyd, K. D., Ross, F. M., Chiecchio, L., Dagrada, G. P., Konn, Z. J., Tapper, W., Walker, B. A., Wardell, C. P., Gregory, W. M., Szubert, A. J., et al. (2011) · Leukemia · doi:10.1038/leu.2011.204 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Self-citationRoss, F. M., Avet‐Loiseau, H., Ameye, G., Gutierrez, N. C., Liebisch, P., O'Connor, S., Dalva, K., Fabris, S., Testi, M., Jarošová, M., et al. (2012) · Haematologica · doi:10.3324/haematol.2011.056176 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Walker, B. A., Wardell, C. P., Murison, A., Boyle, E. M., Begum, D. B., Dahir, N. M., Proszek, P. Z., Melchor, L., Pawlyn, C., Kaiser, M. F., et al. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms7997 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
Self-citationPrognostic Significance of Copy-Number Alterations in Multiple Myeloma
Avet‐Loiseau, H., Li, C., Magrangeas, F., Gouraud, W., Guérin‐Charbonnel, C., Harousseau, J., Attal, M., Marit, G., Mathiot, C., Facon, T. T. F., et al. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2008.20.6136 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Zhu, Y. X., Braggio, E., Shi, C.-X., Kortuem, K. M., Bruins, L. A., Schmidt, J. E., Chang, X.-B., Langlais, P., Luo, M., Jedlowski, P., et al. (2014) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2014-02-557819 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Joslin, J. M., Fernald, A. A., Tennant, T. R., Davis, E. M., Kogan, S. C., Anastasi, J., Crispino, J. D., & Beau, M. M. L. (2007) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2007-01-068809 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Walker, B. A., Wardell, C. P., Brioli, A., Boyle, E. M., Kaiser, M., Begum, D. B., Dahir, N. B., Johnson, D. C., Ross, F. M., Davies, F. E., et al. (2014) · Blood Cancer Journal · doi:10.1038/bcj.2014.13 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Self-citationAvet‐Loiseau, H., Durie, B. G. M., Cavo, M., Attal, M., Gutierrez, N. C., Haessler, J., Goldschmidt, H., Hájek, R., Lee, J. H., Sezer, O., et al. (2012) · Leukemia · doi:10.1038/leu.2012.282 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Self-citationMu, J., Wáng, Y., Luo, H., Leng, M., Zhang, J., Yang, T., Besusso, D., Jung, S. Y., & Qin, J. (2007) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.c700079200 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Walker, B. A., Wardell, C. P., Johnson, D. C., Kaiser, M. F., Begum, D. B., Dahir, N. B., Ross, F. M., Davies, F. E., Gonzalez, D., & Morgan, G. J. (2013) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2012-12-471888 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Self-citationMutations in TP53 are exclusively associated with del(17p) in multiple myeloma
Lodé, L., Eveillard, M., Trichet, V., Soussi, T., Wuillème, S., Richebourg, S., Magrangeas, F., Ifrah, N., Campion, L., Traullé, C., et al. (2010) · Haematologica · doi:10.3324/haematol.2010.023697 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Jenner, M. W., Leone, P., Walker, B. A., et al. (2007) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2007-02-075069 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Self-citationChudnovsky, Y., Kim, D., Zheng, S., Whyte, W. A., Bansal, M., Bray, M.-A., Gopal, S., Theisen, M. A., Bilodeau, S., Thiru, P., et al. (2014) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2013.12.032 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Boone, D. N., Qi, Y., Li, Z., & Hann, S. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1008848108 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Ronchetti, D., Greco, A., Compasso, S., Colombo, G., Dell'Era, P., Otsuki, T., Lombardi, L., & Neri, A. (2001) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1204465 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Mulligan, G., Lichter, D. I., Bacco, A. D., Blakemore, S. J., Berger, A., Koenig, E. M., Bernard, H., Trepicchio, W. L., Li, B., Neuwirth, R. B., et al. (2013) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2013-05-504340 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Schwab, C. J., Jones, L. R., Morrison, H., Ryan, S. L., Yigittop, H., Schouten, J. P., & Harrison, C. J. (2010) · Genes Chromosomes and Cancer · doi:10.1002/gcc.20818 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Fang, N. Y., Greiner, T. C., Weisenburger, D. D., Chan, W. C., Vose, J. M., Smith, L. M., Armitage, J. O., Mayer, R. A., Pike, B. L., Collins, F. S., et al. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0831102100 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Guarini, A. R., Marinelli, M., Tavolaro, S., Bellacchio, E., Magliozzi, M., Chiaretti, S., Propris, M. S. D., Peragine, N., Santangelo, S., Paoloni, F. P., et al. (2011) · Haematologica · doi:10.3324/haematol.2011.049270 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Chen, L., Wang, S., Zhou, Y., Wu, X., Entin, I., Epstein, J., Yaccoby, S., Xiong, W., Barlogie, B., Shaughnessy, J. D., et al. (2009) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2009-03-210526 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
A default Bayesian hypothesis test for mediation
Nuijten, M. B., Wetzels, R., Matzke, D., Dolan, C. V., & Wagenmakers, E. (2014) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-014-0470-2 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
ATR Mutation in Endometrioid Endometrial Cancer Is Associated With Poor Clinical Outcomes
Zighelboim, I., Schmidt, A. P., Gao, F., Thaker, P. H., Powell, M. A., Rader, J. S., Gibb, R. K., Mutch, D. G., & Goodfellow, P. J. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2008.19.9802 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Klein, U., Jauch, A. S., Hielscher, T., Hillengaß, J., Raab, M. S., Seckinger, A., Hose, D., Ho, A. D., Goldschmidt, H., & Neben, K. (2010) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.25775 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Wirth, M., Stojanovic, N., Christian, J. G., Paul, M. C., Stauber, R. H., Schmid, R. M., Häcker, G. A., Krämer, O. H., Saur, D., & Schneider, G. (2014) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gku763 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Takahashi, N., Yamada, Y., Taniguchi, H., Fukahori, M., Sasaki, Y., Shoji, H., Honma, Y., Iwasa, S., Takashima, A., Kato, K., et al. (2014) · BMC Research Notes · doi:10.1186/1756-0500-7-271 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Kaiser, M., Walker, B. A., Hockley, S. L., Begum, D. B., Wardell, C. P., de Castro, D. G., Ross, F. M., Davies, F. E., & Morgan, G. J. (2013) · Leukemia · doi:10.1038/leu.2013.12 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationGlobal analysis of uniparental disomy using high density genotyping arrays
Bruce, S., Leinonen, R., Lindgren, C. M., et al. (2005) · Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1136/jmg.2005.032367 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Skowrońska, A., Austen, B., Powell, J., Weston, V., Oscier, D. G., Dyer, M. J. S., Matutes, E., Pratt, G., Fegan, C., Moss, P. A. H., et al. (2011) · Haematologica · doi:10.3324/haematol.2011.048827 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Boyle, E. M., Proszek, P., Kaiser, M., Begum, D. B., Dahir, N. B., Savola, S. P., Wardell, C. P., Leleu, X. P., Ross, F. M., Chiecchio, L., et al. (2014) · Genes Chromosomes and Cancer · doi:10.1002/gcc.22222 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationFoth, M., Ahmad, I., van Rhijn, B. W., van der Kwast, T., Bergman, A. M., King, L., Ridgway, R. A., Leung, H. Y., Fraser, S., Sansom, O. J., et al. (2014) · The Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1002/path.4334 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Pathogenic ATM mutations occur rarely in a subset of multiple myeloma patients
Austen, B., Barone, G., Reiman, A., Byrd, P. J., Baker, C., Starczynski, J., Nobbs, M. C., Murphy, R. P., Enright, H., Chaila, E. C., et al. (2008) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2008.07281.x · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Meier, M., den Boer, M. L., Hall, A. G., et al. (2005) · Leukemia · doi:10.1038/sj.leu.2403943 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
A Modified Method for Whole Exome Resequencing from Minimal Amounts of Starting DNA
Kozarewa, I., Rosa-Rosa, J. M., Wardell, C. P., Walker, B. A., Fenwick, K., Assiotis, I., Mitsopoulos, C., Zvelebil, M., Morgan, G. J., Ashworth, A., et al. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0032617 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationAlpár, D., de Jong, D., Holczer‐Nagy, Z., Kajtár, B., Savola, S. P., Jáksó, P., Dávid, M., Kosztolányi, S., Kereskai, L., Pajor, L., et al. (2013) · Genes Chromosomes and Cancer · doi:10.1002/gcc.22074 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Nuijten, M. B., Wetzels, R., Matzke, D., et al. (2014) · Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The multiple myelomas — current concepts in cytogenetic classification and therapy
Kumar, S. K., & Rajkumar, S. V. (2018) · Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1038/s41571-018-0018-y · Cited by 302 · see citing works
KRAS: From undruggable to a druggable Cancer Target
Uprety, D., & Adjei, A. A. (2020) · Cancer Treatment Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.ctrv.2020.102070 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Kortüm, K. M., Mai, E. K., Hanafiah, N. H., Shi, C.-X., Zhu, Y.-X., Bruins, L., Barrio, S., Jedlowski, P., Merz, M., Xu, J., et al. (2016) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2016-02-698092 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Aberrant Wnt signaling in multiple myeloma: molecular mechanisms and targeting options
van Andel, H., Kocemba, K. A., Spaargaren, M., & Pals, S. T. (2019) · Leukemia · doi:10.1038/s41375-019-0404-1 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Miller, A., Asmann, Y., Cattaneo, L., Braggio, E., Keats, J., Auclair, D., Lonial, S., The MMRF CoMMpass Network, Russell, S. J., & Stewart, A. K. (2017) · Blood Cancer Journal · doi:10.1038/bcj.2017.94 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Genomic Classification and Individualized Prognosis in Multiple Myeloma
Maura, F., Rajanna, A. R., Ziccheddu, B., Poos, A. M., Derkach, A., Maclachlan, K., Durante, M., Diamond, B., Papadimitriou, M., Davies, F., et al. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.23.01277 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Self-citationShirasaki, R., Matthews, G. M., Gandolfi, S., de Matos Simoes, R., Buckley, D. L., Raja Vora, J., Sievers, Q. L., Brüggenthies, J. B., Dashevsky, O., Poarch, H., et al. (2021) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108532 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Xu, J., Pfarr, N., Endris, V, Mai, E. K., Md Hanafiah, N. H., Lehners, N., Penzel, R., Weichert, W., Ho, A. D., Schirmacher, P., et al. (2017) · Oncogenesis · doi:10.1038/oncsis.2017.36 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Multiple myeloma: signaling pathways and targeted therapy
Lu, Q., Yang, D., Li, H., Niu, T., & Tong, A. (2024) · Molecular biomedicine · doi:10.1186/s43556-024-00188-w · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Guo, C., Chénard-Poirier, M., Roda, D., de Miguel, M., Harris, S. J., Candilejo, I. M., Sriskandarajah, P., Xu, W., Scaranti, M., Constantinidou, A., et al. (2020) · The Lancet Oncology · doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(20)30464-2 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Self-citationDutta, A. K., Alberge, J.-B., Lightbody, E. D., Boehner, C. J., Dunford, A., Sklavenitis-Pistofidis, R., Mouhieddine, T. H., Cowan, A. N., Su, N. K., Horowitz, E. M., et al. (2023) · Cancer Discovery · doi:10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-0482 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Mostofa, A., Distler, A., Meads, M. B., Sahakian, E., Powers, J. J., Achille, A., Noyes, D., Wright, G., Fang, B., Izumi, V., et al. (2021) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.151713 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
I-OPen: inferior outcomes of penta-refractory compared to penta-exposed multiple myeloma patients
Gill, S. K., Unawane, R., Wang, S., Ahn, J., Aleman, A., Siegel, D. S., Vesole, D. H., Parmar, H., Phull, P., & Biran, N. (2022) · Blood Cancer Journal · doi:10.1038/s41408-022-00733-2 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Temporal genomic dynamics shape clinical trajectory in multiple myeloma
Maura, F., Kaddoura, M., Poos, A. M., Baughn, L. B., Ziccheddu, B., Bärtsch, M.-A., Cirrincione, A., Maclachlan, K., Chojnacka, M., Diamond, B., et al. (2025) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41588-025-02292-1 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationMedina-Herrera, A., Vazquez, I., Cuenca, I., Rosa-Rosa, J. M., Ariceta, B., Jimenez, C., Fernandez-Mercado, M., Larrayoz, M. J., Gutierrez, N. C., Fernandez-Guijarro, M., et al. (2024) · Blood Cancer Journal · doi:10.1038/s41408-024-01053-3 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
- Authors
- Walker, B. A., Boyle, E. M., Wardell, C. P., Murison, A., Begum, D. B., Dahir, N. M., Proszek, P. Z., Johnson, D. C., Kaiser, M. F., Melchor, L., Aronson, L. I., Scales, M., Pawlyn, C., Mirabella, F., Jones, J. R., Brioli, A., Mikulasova, A., Cairns, D. A., Gregory, W. M., Quartilho, A., Drayson, M. T., Russell, N., Cook, G., Jackson, G. H., Leleu, X., Davies, F. E., & Morgan, G. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Leeds (GB)
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's...
- ORCID
- Walker, Brian A.
- Boyle, Eileen M.
- Wardell, Christopher P.
- Proszek, Paula Z.
- Johnson, David C.
- Kaiser, Martin F.
- Melchor, Lorenzo
- Aronson, Lauren I.
- Pawlyn, Charlotte
- Mirabella, Fabio
- Jones, John R.
- Brioli, Annamaria
- Cairns, David A.
- Gregory, Walter M.
- Quartilho, Ana
- Drayson, Mark T.
- Russell, Nigel
- Cook, Gordon
- Jackson, Graham H.
- Leleu, Xavier
- Davies, Faith E.
- Morgan, Gareth J.
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Oncology
- Published
- 2015-11-20
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 33
- Pages
- 3911-3920
- ISSN
- 0732-183X (ISSN-L)
- 1527-7755
- PMC
- PMC6485456
- OpenAlex
- W2169846247
- Semantic Scholar
- a23d5e88c245fa590b738b5bd0ba3ab9403f8887
- Cited by
- 567
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 69 · 2021: 73 · 2020: 62 · 2019: 63 · 2018: 63 · 2017: 62 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 4
- FWCI
- 43.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Oncology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (submittedVersion)
- Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)
- Funders
- Cancer Research Institute
- National Cancer Research Institute
- Cancer Research UK (C2470/A17761, C2470/A14261, C2470/A12136)
- University of Leeds
- University of Nottingham
- Medical Research Council (MR/L01629X/1)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Multiple Myeloma Research and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics › Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Research
- Keywords
- multiple myeloma, mutation spectrum, copy number alterations, prognostic factors, RAS mutations, NF-κB signaling, TP53 mutation, CCND1, IRF4, EGR1, relapse risk, overall survival, therapeutic target
- MeSH terms
- Adult, DNA Mutational Analysis, Female, United Kingdom, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Multiple Myeloma, Prospective Studies, Multivariate Analysis, Proportional Hazards Models, Survival Analysis, ras Proteins, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Young Adult, DNA Copy Number Variations, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
