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Evaluation of Immune-Related Response Criteria and RECIST v1.1 in Patients With Advanced Melanoma Treated With Pembrolizumab

Open access
Hodi, F. Stephen, Hwu, Wen-Jen, Kefford, Richard, Weber, Jeffrey S., Daud, Adil, Hamid, Omid, Patnaik, Amita, Ribas, Antoni, Robert, Caroline, Gangadhar, Tara C., Joshua, Anthony M., Hersey, Peter, Dronca, Roxana, Joseph, Richard, Hille, Darcy, Xue, Dahai, Li, Xiaoyun Nicole, Kang, S. Peter, Ebbinghaus, Scot, Perrone, Andrea, Wolchok, Jedd D.·2016·Journal of Clinical Oncology

Abstract

Purpose: We evaluated atypical response patterns and the relationship between overall survival and best overall response measured per immune-related response criteria (irRC) and Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version 1.1 (RECIST v1.1) in patients with advanced melanoma treated with pembrolizumab in the phase Ib KEYNOTE-001 study (clinical trial information: NCT01295827). Patients and Methods: Patients received pembrolizumab 2 or 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks or every 3 weeks. Atypical responses were identified by using centrally assessed irRC data in patients with ≥ 28 weeks of imaging. Pseudoprogression was defined as ≥ 25% increase in tumor burden at week 12 (early) or any assessment after week 12 (delayed) that was not confirmed as progressive disease at next assessment. Response was assessed centrally per irRC and RECIST v1.1. Results: Of the 655 patients with melanoma enrolled, 327 had ≥ 28 weeks of imaging follow-up. Twenty-four (7%) of these 327 patients had atypical responses (15 [5%] with early pseudoprogression and nine [3%] with delayed pseudoprogression). Of the 592 patients who survived ≥ 12 weeks, 84 (14%) experienced progressive disease per RECIST v1.1 but nonprogressive disease per irRC. Two-year overall survival rates were 77.6% in patients with nonprogressive disease per both criteria (n = 331), 37.5% in patients with progressive disease per RECIST v1.1 but nonprogressive disease per irRC (n = 84), and 17.3% in patients with progressive disease per both criteria (n = 177). Conclusion: Atypical responses were observed in patients with melanoma treated with pembrolizumab. Based on survival analysis, conventional RECIST might underestimate the benefit of pembrolizumab in approximately 15% of patients; modified criteria that permit treatment beyond initial progression per RECIST v1.1 might prevent premature cessation of treatment.

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Metadata

Authors
Hodi, F. S., Hwu, W.-J., Kefford, R., Weber, J. S., Daud, A., Hamid, O., Patnaik, A., Ribas, A., Robert, C., Gangadhar, T. C., Joshua, A. M., Hersey, P., Dronca, R., Joseph, R., Hille, D., Xue, D., Li, X. N., Kang, S. P., Ebbinghaus, S., Perrone, A., & Wolchok, J. D.
Venue
Journal of Clinical Oncology
Published
2016-05-01
Volume
34
Issue
13
Pages
1510-1517
ISSN
  • 0732-183X (ISSN-L)
  • 1527-7755
OpenAlex
W2296049142
Cited by
734
References
24
FWCI
57.48
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Evaluation of Immune-Related Response Criteria and RECIST v1.1 in Patients With Advanced Melanoma Treated With Pembrolizumab. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1200/jco.2015.64.0391
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Hodi, F. S., Hwu, W.-J., Kefford, R., Weber, J. S., Daud, A., Hamid, O., Patnaik, A., Ribas, A., Robert, C., Gangadhar, T. C., Joshua, A. M., Hersey, P., Dronca, R., Joseph, R., Hille, D., Xue, D., Li, X. N., Kang, S. P., Ebbinghaus, S., . . . Wolchok, J. D. (2016). Evaluation of Immune-Related Response Criteria and RECIST v1.1 in Patients With Advanced Melanoma Treated With Pembrolizumab. Journal of Clinical Oncology. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2015.64.0391

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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.