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Glutamate as a Neurotransmitter
Abstract
This chapter offers some plausible explanations for some of the confusion surrounding the functional significance of the neuroexcitatory action of glutamate. The realization in the early 1950s that synaptic transmission in the central nervous system (CNS) of vertebrates is predominantly chemically mediated provided impetus to discover the chemical agents mediating this function. This "universal" excitatory action coupled with the ubiquitous occurrence of glutamate throughout the CNS, and in all tissues, was contrary to the prevailing view of what the biological characteristics of a neurotransmitter should be. The numerous published studies dealing with the putative neurotransmitter function of glutamate have provided a wealth of confusing and seemingly conflicting data. The functional significance of the depolarizing action of glutamate on glial cells is not known, but one possibility is that glutamate may evoke the release of taurine, which may cause a generalized inhibitory effect on nearby neurons. Glutamate may also be a neurotransmitter at some synapses in mollusks.
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Cited by
Anatomical distributions of four pharmacologically distinct 3H-L-glutamate binding sites
Monaghan, D. T., Holets, V. R., Toy, D. W., & Cotman, C. W. (1983) · Nature · doi:10.1038/306176a0 · Cited by 522
Determination of the rate of the glutamate/glutamine cycle in the human brain by in vivo 13 C NMR
Shen, J., Petersen, K. F., Behar, K. L., Brown, P., Nixon, T. W., Mason, G. F., Petroff, O. A. C., Shulman, G. I., Shulman, R. G., & Rothman, D. L. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.14.8235 · Cited by 462
Lerma, J., Herranz, A. S., Herreras, O., Abraira, V., & del Rio, R. M. (1986) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(86)91230-8 · Cited by 349
Glycolysis and Glutamate Accumulation into Synaptic Vesicles
Ikemoto, A., Bole, D. G., & Ueda, T. (2003) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m211617200 · Cited by 193
Forray, M. I., & Gysling, K. (2004) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2004.07.011 · Cited by 191
Metadata
- Venue
- Glutamine and Glutamate in Mammals
- Publisher
- CRC Press
- Published
- 2018-01-18
- Volume
- 27
- Pages
- 3-20
- OpenAlex
- W574843130
- Cited by
- 265
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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