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The Impact of Self- and Peer-Grading on Student Learning
Abstract
The 2001 U.S. Supreme Court Case of Falvo v. Owasso School System (Owasso Independent School District No I-011 v. Falvo) has focused national attention on the common classroom practice of peer-grading. In a unanimous decision the court reaffirmed the popular view that students grading each others' tests is valuable, saving teachers' time and augmenting student learning. Our study puts these presumed benefits to the test in 4 middle school science classrooms. We compared teacher-assigned grades to those awarded either by students to themselves or by their peers. By training students to grade with the help of a scoring rubric, a very high correlation was obtained between students and their teacher on test questions (r = 0.91 to 0.94). We found patterns of bias when students assigned grades. When grading others, students awarded lower grades to the best performing students than their teacher did. When grading themselves, lower performing students tended to inflate their own low scores. Performance on an unan...
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“In summary, both self- and peer-evaluation of work are avenues for providing meaningful feedback without formal grading on correctness that can positively influence students' learning (Sadler and Good, 2006; Freeman et al., 2007; Freeman and Parks, 2010).”
From Teaching More by Grading Less (or Differently) (2014) · cites this paper as Sadler and Good, 2006
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Bharuthram, S. (2018) · Journal for Language Teaching · doi:10.4314/jlt.v52i1.1
Interrater Scoring of Public Speaking Performances in English Language Teacher Education Program
Mutlu, A. K. (2018) · International Education Studies · doi:10.5539/ies.v11n9p12
“The studies indicate that the accuracy of self-assessment is enabled through experience in assessment (Falchikov & Goldfinch, 2000) and having clear criteria of assessment (Sadler & Good, 2006).”
BackgroundMarsico, M. D., Moschella, L., Sterbini, A., & Temperini, M. (2017) · International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training · doi:10.1109/ithet.2017.8067814
Integration and Evaluation of Peer Grading in a Graduate-level Engineering Design Course
Morris, E., & McAdams, D. (2017) · ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition · doi:10.18260/1-2--28563
“Assignments from project-based courses typically require more time and effort to grade due to the open-ended nature of the work [15].”
BackgroundThe Effect of Peer-Assessment Method in Enhancing Iraqi EFL University Students’ Language Ability
Sagban, A. A. (2017) · Kufa Journal of Arts · doi:10.36317/0826-010-032-020
PERSONALITY’S EFFECT ON PEER ASSESSMENT ABILITY IN CASE METHOD CONTEXT
Mahlamäki, T., Valkeinen, T., Myllärniemi, J., Hellsten, P., & Repo, S. (2017) · doi:10.21125/edulearn.2017.2455
Performance measures for peer assessment
Molina-Carmona, R., Satorre-Cuerda, R., Compañ-Rosique, P., & Llorens-Largo, F. (2016) · Technological Ecosystem for Enhancing Multiculturality · doi:10.1145/3012430.3012538
“Teachers want the assessment to measure different skills and concepts but they usually have limitations in terms of resources and time [11].”
BackgroundUsing an Expert System to Optimize the Distribution of Assignments for Peer Evaluation
Filippakis, G., Georgoulo, K., & Sgouropoulou, C. (2016) · IIAI International Conference on Advanced Applied Informatics · doi:10.1109/iiai-aai.2016.167
“Keywords—component; collaborative learning; peer evaluation; expert systems; instructional strategies I. INTRODUCTION This research began with the design of a pedagogical model, based on collaborative activities, for programmingbased laboratory courses [1].”
MethodTeacher Supported Peer Evaluation Through OpenAnswer: A Study of Some Factors
Marsico, M. D., Sterbini, A., & Temperini, M. (2016) · International Conference on Computer Supported Education · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-63184-4_23
Lee, Y. S., & Lee, S. (2016) · The Mathematics Educator · doi:10.7468/mathedu.2016.55.4.503
Gorobets, M., Smith, M., & Marasco, E. (2015) · doi:10.24908/pceea.v0i0.5893
The effect of self-assessment on high school students' english writing achievement and motivation
Kağan, B., & Melike, O. (2024) · i-manager's Journal on English Language Teaching · doi:10.26634/jelt.14.4.21245
Gender Bias in Performance Evaluations: Evidence from a Field Experiment
Saygin, P., & Knight, T. (2023) · Social Science Research Network · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4332175
“Sadler and Good [2006], for instance, analyze self-grading as well as peer grading by middle school students and find a 91-94% correlation with teacher-assigned grades.”
Morrison, U. I., Abanobi, C., & Ifemeni, A. L. (2021) · International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science · doi:10.47772/ijriss.2021.5927
“Peer Assessment therefore, is a process whereby students assess assignments or tests of their peers based on teacher’s benchmark or instructional rubrics (Sadler & Eddie, 2006).”
BackgroundMethodKastner, M. (2020) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences · doi:10.24251/hicss.2020.008
“Peer assessment (PA) is a method wherein students judge the quality of the work of peers [37], usually anonymously [1].”
BackgroundMethodBarbosa, S. D. J., Chen, P., Cuzzocrea, A., Du, X.-Y., Kara, O., Liu, T., Sivalingam, K., Ślȩzak, D., Washio, T., Yang, X.-K., et al. (2020) · International Joint Conference on Knowledge Discovery, Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-49559-6
Peer Assessment in an Online Context
Pereira, A., Tinoca, L., & Oliveira, I. (2019) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-0420-8.ch042
A Case Study of Peer Assessment in a Composition MOOC
Vu, L. (2020) · Learning and Performance Assessment · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-0420-8.ch043
IT-gestütztes Peer-Assessment zur Schulung von Kompetenzen in der Lehre
Lehmann, K., & Söllner, M. (2019) · Kompetenzmanagement in Organisationen · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-59390-5_6 · Cited by 1
Truthful Peer Grading with Limited Effort from Teaching StaffPreprint
Jindal, J., & Nath, S. (2018) · arXiv.org · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1807.11657
“The related literature (Sadler and Good, 2006, e.g.) shows that peer-grading improves learning of the students in addition to their regular learning through a course.”
BackgroundSelf-assessment of Achievement: Some Theoretical considerations
Tyagi, P. (2017) · Educational Quest- An International Journal of Education and Applied Social Sciences · doi:10.5958/2230-7311.2017.00086.1
Shiba, Y., & Sugawara, T. (2016) · Transactions of the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1527/tjsai.ag-c
Grading Open-Ended Questions in an Educational Setting, via Non-exclusive Peer Evaluation
Marsico, M. D., Sterbini, A., & Temperini, M. (2016) · doi:10.1007/978-981-287-868-7_44
A Critique of a Student-Centered Learning Approach Used in a Geometry Classroom
Day, A. (2015) · doi:10.31390/gradschool_theses.3078
“Sadler and Good (2006) conclude that selfassessment improves student learning, but recommend that more study be done to determine if one technique is better than the other.”
BackgroundZou, W., & Li, X. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-287-209-8_23
How to Hollow Out an Education
Davis, J. (2014) · Advances in higher education and professional development book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-5051-0.ch008
Bioanalytical Chemistry and Chemical Sensors: An Advanced Elective Course for Undergraduates
Ronkainen, N. J. (2013) · ACS symposium series · doi:10.1021/bk-2013-1137.ch010
Web-Based Collaborative Assessment Systems
Diamadis, E. T., & Polyzos, G. C. (2009) · doi:10.4018/978-1-60566-198-8.ch342
“Other studies highlighted benefits and drawbacks (Davies, 2000; Dochy, Segers, Sluijsmans, 1999; Falchikov & Goldfinch, 2000; Koosha & Madadnia, 2002; McConnell, 2002; Race, 2001; Sadler & Good, 2006; Zariski, 1996).”
Metadata
- Authors
- Sadler, P., & Good, E.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- ORCID
- Sadler, Philip
- Venue
- Educational Assessment
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2006-02-01
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-31
- ISSN
- 1062-7197 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1996469193
- Cited by
- 535
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 40 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 48 · 2015: 58 · 2014: 49 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 24.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Educational Assessment (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Student Assessment and Feedback
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Educational Technology and Assessment
- Keywords
- peer grading, self-assessment, student grading, grading bias, rubrics, junior high school science, student learning, test scoring
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