The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Communication and Attributions in a Crisis: An Experimental Study in Crisis Communication
Abstract
This study provides a partial test of a symbolic approach to crisis management. The symbolic approach examines the strategies used to respond to crises. The study concentrated on the match between crisis type and crisis response strategy. An experimental design was used to explore how crisis type, organization performance history and crisis response were associated with the image of an organization. Additional analyses explored how causal attributions varied according to crisis type. For the cases tested, the results supported the use of the crisis response strategies recommended by the symbolic approach. The results of the experiment supported the basic assumptions of the approach. The implications and directions for future investigations using the symbolic model are discussed.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
No references could be resolved yet.
Research works printed but not linked: 7
- Redeian. A. G (1989) ;Wmogemenr ~ 2 n d ed.). Chicago: Dr).den~
- Hsnron. J A. i1988). Crirnr revisited: A n analysts of the ruategier used by Tylenol in the recond tampering episode. Cenrral SIorer Speech lournnl. 38. 49-66. · DOI
- Hnhhs. I. D. i1995i Treaihcl) b? my orher name: A case stud) of the Torhiba public relations srlrii. hluna~emenr Comnzunrcrrrrun Quonerl? 8 323-146 · DOI
- Ice. R. 11991:1. Corporare publ~rs and rhetorical srrateges. The ca5e of Union Carhide's Bhopal =nu. hfanof~menr Communaofirm Quonrrl), 4. 341-362 · DOI
- Msrcur. A A . A Goodman. R. S . i1991). \ictims and shareholders Thc dilemmas of pncnting corporate p o k y dunng acrisis. Academy r$.Munlrgemenl brurnul. 31. 281-35. · DOI
- hfc.Aulcy. E. Duncan. T E . &: Rusccll. D. U'. !I 9 9 3 M e a r i n g s a u r a l atrnbutionr: Thcrev~scd~.ausnl drmenrion qcale (CDllr. Per.xonultry und Lrcrul P . y h u l q ? Bullrnn. 18 566-573. · DOI · Paper page
- W'm B. L ., Spcetk., 59, 273
Cited by
Shim, K., & Yang, S.-U. (2016) · Public Relations Review · doi:10.1016/j.pubrev.2015.11.009 · Cited by 207
“In an experimental study about response strategies to crises, Coombs and Holladay (1996) classified types of crises employing a theory-based category system, which concerns two factors in an event of crisis: external control and intentionality.”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Coombs, W. T., & Holladay, S. J.
- Venue
- Journal of Public Relations Research
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1996-10
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 279-295
- ISSN
- 1062-726X (ISSN-L)
- 1532-754X
- OpenAlex
- W2038443585
- Cited by
- 706
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 12.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
