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"How Long Does It Take to Stop?" Methodological Analysis of Driver Perception-Brake Times
Abstract
Human perception-brake reaction time (RT) studies have reported a wide variety of results. By analyzing a large number of data sets, however, it is possible to estimate times under specific conditions. The most important variable is driver expectation, which affects RTs by a factor of 2. When fully aware of the time and location of the brake signal, drivers can detect a signal and move the foot from accelerator to brake pedal in about 0.70 to 0.75 sec. Response to unexpected, but common signals, such as a lead car's brake lights, is about 1.25 sec, whereas RTs for surprise events, such as an object suddenly moving into the driver's path, is roughly 1.5 sec. These times are modulated somewhat by other factors, including driver age and gender, cognitive load, and urgency.
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Shiffrin, R. M., & Schneider, W. (1977) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.84.2.127 · Cited by 7,335
Controlled and automatic human information processing: I. Detection, search, and attention.
Schneider, W., & Shiffrin, R. M. (1977) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.84.1.1 · Cited by 5,902
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Kesting, A., Treiber, M., Schönhof, M., & Helbing, D. (2008) · Transportation Research Part C Emerging Technologies · doi:10.1016/j.trc.2007.12.004 · Cited by 610
Makridis, M., Mattas, K., Anesiadou, A., & Ciuffo, B. (2021) · Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies · doi:10.1016/j.trc.2021.103047 · Cited by 258
Network traffic instability with automated driving and cooperative merging
Gu, Z., Wang, Z., Liu, Z., & Saberi, M. (2022) · Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies · doi:10.1016/j.trc.2022.103626 · Cited by 57
Nezami, F. N., Wächter, M. A., Maleki, N., Spaniol, P., Kühne, L. M., Haas, A., Pingel, J. M., Tiemann, L., Nienhaus, F., Keller, L., et al. (2021) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s21051879 · Cited by 16
Metadata
- Authors
- Green, M.
- Venue
- Transportation Human Factors
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2000-09
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 195-216
- ISSN
- 1093-9741 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2091707830
- Cited by
- 923
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 17.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Green, M. (2000). "How Long Does It Take to Stop?" Methodological Analysis of Driver Perception-Brake Times. Transportation Human Factors. https://doi.org/10.1207/sthf0203_1
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
