The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Structure and Evolution of the Growth Hormone Gene Family
Abstract
GROWTH HORMONE (GH), prolactin (Prl), and chorionic somatomammotropin (CS, placental lactogen) are a family of polypeptide hormones that are related by function, immunochemistry, and structure (1–5). Despite their relatedness, these hormones are synthesized in a tissue-specific manner. GH and Prl are produced in the anterior pituitary, whereas CS is produced by the syncytiotrophoblast of the placenta. All three hormones possess lactogenic and growth-promoting activities. GH is required for postnatal growth and maintenance of nitrogen, mineral, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism (6), while mammalian Prl is primarily involved in the initiation and maintenance of lactation (7). CS may provide GH-like activities to the developing fetus (8, 9), although it does not appear to be an essential hormone (10). The three hormones have a similar size (190 to 199 amino acids among various species) and they all have similar protein structures. Each hormone has a single homologous tryptophan residue at about locus 85 (GH and CS) or 91 (Prl), and two homologous disulfide bonds.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
The Somatomedin Hypothesis: 2001
Le Roith, D., Bondy, C., Yakar, S., Liu, J.-L., & Butler, A. (2001) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv.22.1.0419 · Cited by 1,257
Clinical and Molecular Genetics of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Due to 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency
Morel, Y., & Miller, W. L. (1991) · Advances in Human Genetics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-5958-6_1 · Cited by 158
Self-citationTHE MOLECULAR GENETICS OF 21-HYDROXYLASE DEFICIENCY
Miller, W. L., & Morel, Y. (1989) · Annual Review of Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev.ge.23.120189.002103 · Cited by 127
Self-citationSharp, Z. D., & Bartke, A. (2005) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/60.3.293 · Cited by 122
Human placental growth hormone
Alsat, E., Guibourdenche, J., Luton, D., Frankenne, F., & Evain-Brion, D. (1997) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(97)70103-0 · Cited by 113
Metadata
- Authors
- MILLER, W. L., & EBERHARDT, N. L.
- Venue
- Endocrine Reviews
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 1983-04
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 97-130
- ISSN
- 0163-769X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7189
- OpenAlex
- W2010034236
- Cited by
- 400
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 16.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Structure and Evolution of the Growth Hormone Gene Family. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1210/edrv-4-2-97
- The paper
- MILLER, W. L., & EBERHARDT, N. L. (1983). Structure and Evolution of the Growth Hormone Gene Family. Endocrine Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1210/edrv-4-2-97
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
