The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Endocrine Ophthalmopathy: Current Ideas Concerning Etiology, Pathogenesis, and Treatment
Abstract
ALTHOUGH the association of exophthalmos with goiter was recognized as early as the twelfth century (1), the modern focus on the constellation of hyperthyroidism, diffuse goiter, and endocrine ophthalmopathy is best attributed to the work of Caleb Parry (1825) (2), Robert Graves (1835) (3), and Carl von Basedow (1840) (4). Since their early descriptions a plethora of reports have been published detailing the clinical and histologic features of endocrine ophthalmopathy and coining a variety of colorful synonyms and eponyms (5, 6). There remained, however, a number of important unanswered questions. These deal with the nature of the inciting factor, the pathogenesis of the disease, the unique and often asymmetric involvement of extraocular muscles, the relationship between the eye disease and the thyroid abnormality, and the most rational and efficacious methods of treatment. We will review the clinical, anatomic, histologic, and immunologic features of endocrine ophthalmopathy particularly as they apply to these issues.
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“More recent studies do not identify a clear sex-related risk for GO (517,518), while some older studies point to a possible slightly increased risk for men (519,520).”
From 2016 American Thyroid Association Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Hyperthyroidism and Other Causes of Thyrotoxicosis (2016) · cites this paper as [520]
Citations
Cites
Strabismus Ophthalmic Symposium
(1951) · Archives of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/archopht.1951.01700020115014 · Cited by 213
Current Topics in Eye Research
(1984) · American Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/0002-9394(84)90293-9 · Cited by 46
Hermann, J. S. (1982) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(82)34775-2 · Cited by 19
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Wang, Y., & Douglas, R. S. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-90495-5_61-1
Wuttke, W. (1993) · Springer-Lehrbuch · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-87854-1_17
Wuttke, W. (1997) · Springer-Lehrbuch · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-00485-2_20
元衛, 和., & 重信, 長. (1991) · Folia Endocrinologica Japonica · doi:10.1507/endocrine1927.67.supplement-1_112
Denis, D. (2004) · Encyclopédie médico-chirurgicale. Ophtalmologie · doi:10.1016/s0246-0343(02)00074-6
Wuttke, W. (1993) · Springer-Lehrbuch · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-09336-8_17
Wong, N. T. Y., Yuen, K. F. K., Aljufairi, F. M. A. A., Lai, K. K. H., Hu, Z., Chan, K. K. W., Tham, C. C. Y., Pang, C. P., & Chong, K. K. L. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23902977
Wong, N. T. Y., Yuen, K. F. K., Aljufairi, F. M. A. A., Lai, K. K. H., Hu, Z., Chan, K. K. W., Tham, C. C. Y., Pang, C. P., & Chong, K. K. L. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23902980
Sun, Y., Shi, F., Wang, C., Dong, X., Su, Y., Yu, F., Hong, S., Wu, D., Zou, M., Yang, Z., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2026.1861245
Die Bedeutung der Oktreotidszintigraphie bei der Diagnostik der aktiven endokrinen Orbitopathie
Ardjomand, N., Esche, G., Lindner, S., Panzitt, M., Aigner, R., Berghold, A., & Langmann, A. (2001) · Spektrum der Augenheilkunde · doi:10.1007/bf03162928
Metadata
- Authors
- JACOBSON, D. H., & GORMAN, C. A.
- Affiliations
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Venue
- Endocrine Reviews
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 1984-04
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 200-220
- ISSN
- 0163-769X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7189
- OpenAlex
- W1965113827
- Cited by
- 211
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 10.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Endocrine Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Ophthalmology and Eye Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Myasthenia Gravis and Thymoma
- Keywords
- Graves' ophthalmopathy, endocrine ophthalmopathy, hyperthyroidism, goiter, proptosis, pathogenesis, etiology, extraocular muscles, thyroid autoimmunity, treatment
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Autoimmune Diseases, Child, Graves Disease, Humans, Middle Aged, Oculomotor Muscles, Orbit, Thyroid Gland, Thyroidectomy, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Ultrasonography
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