The DOI matches its Crossref record; 59 of the 60 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Gut Microbiota Reduces Leptin Sensitivity and the Expression of the Obesity-Suppressing Neuropeptides Proglucagon (Gcg) and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (Bdnf) in the Central Nervous System
Abstract
The gut microbiota contributes to fat mass and the susceptibility to obesity. However, the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. To investigate whether the gut microbiota affects hypothalamic and brainstem body fat-regulating circuits, we compared gene expression of food intake-regulating neuropeptides between germ-free and conventionally raised (CONV-R) mice. We found that CONV-R mice had decreased expression of the antiobesity neuropeptide glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) precursor proglucagon (Gcg) in the brainstem. Moreover, in both the hypothalamus and the brainstem, CONV-R mice had decreased expression of the antiobesity neuropeptide brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf). CONV-R mice had reduced expression of the pro-obesity peptides neuropeptide-Y (Npy) and agouti-related protein (Agrp), and increased expression of the antiobesity peptides proopiomelanocortin (Pomc) and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (Cart) in the hypothalamus. The latter changes in neuropeptide expression could be secondary to elevated fat mass in CONV-R mice. Leptin treatment caused less weight reduction and less suppression of orexigenic Npy and Agrp expression in CONV-R mice compared with germ-free mice. The hypothalamic expression of leptin resistance-associated suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (Socs-3) was increased in CONV-R mice. In conclusion, the gut microbiota reduces the expression of 2 genes coding for body fat-suppressing neuropeptides, Gcg and Bdnf, an alteration that may contribute to fat mass induction by the gut microbiota. Moreover, the presence of body fat-inducing gut microbiota is associated with hypothalamic signs of Socs-3-mediated leptin resistance, which may be linked to failed compensatory body fat reduction.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The gut microbiota have been shown to directly moderate brainstem and hypothalamic expression of BDNF, where conventionally raised mice differed significantly from GF mice (Schele et al., 2013).”
From The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2019) · cites this paper as Schele et al., 2013
In the citing paper
“several studies have demonstrated the significant role of gut microbiome in modulating leptin signaling and adiposity.”
From Microbiota–gut–brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases (2024) · cites this paper as [581]
In the citing paper
“In addition, Schéle et al. [116] found that administration of leptin reduced NPY expression in germ-free mice but not in conventionally raised mice, suggesting that the gut microbiota may decrease leptin sensitivity, effects that are dependent on vagal signaling [192].”
From Anxiety, depression, and the microbiome: A role for gut peptides (2018) · cites this paper as [116]
In the citing paper
“The expression of NPY in the hypothalamus (where NPY plays a major role in feeding behavior and stress response) is increased in adult, healthy, germ-free mice when compared with conventionally raised mice [116].”
From Anxiety, depression, and the microbiome: A role for gut peptides (2018) · cites this paper as [116]
In the citing paper
“Moreover, Schéle et al. [116] demonstrated the role of NPY in counteracting the increased plasma levels of corticosterone in germ-free rodents.”
From Anxiety, depression, and the microbiome: A role for gut peptides (2018) · cites this paper as [116]
Citations
Cites
Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue
Zhang, Y., Proenca, R., Maffei, M., Barone, M., Leopold, L., & Friedman, J. M. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/372425a0 · Cited by 13,419
An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest
Turnbaugh, P. J., Ley, R. E., Mahowald, M. A., Magrini, V., Mardis, E. R., & Gordon, J. I. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05414 · Cited by 12,444
A core gut microbiome in obese and lean twins
Turnbaugh, P. J., Hamady, M., Yatsunenko, T., Cantarel, B. L., Duncan, A., Ley, R. E., Sogin, M. L., Jones, W. J., Roe, B. A., Affourtit, J. P., et al. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07540 · Cited by 7,823
Metabolic Endotoxemia Initiates Obesity and Insulin Resistance
Cani, P. D., Amar, J., Iglesias, M. A., Poggi, M., Knauf, C., Bastelica, D., Neyrinck, A. M., Fava, F., Tuohy, K. M., Chabo, C., et al. (2007) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db06-1491 · Cited by 6,638
Central nervous system control of food intake
Schwartz, M. W., Woods, S. C., Porte, D., Seeley, R. J., & Baskin, D. G. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35007534 · Cited by 6,451
Serum Immunoreactive-Leptin Concentrations in Normal-Weight and Obese Humans
Considine, R. V., Sinha, M. K., Heiman, M. L., Kriauciunas, A., Stephens, T. W., Nyce, M. R., Ohannesian, J. P., Marco, C. C., McKee, L. J., Bauer, T. L., et al. (1996) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199602013340503 · Cited by 6,326
The gut microbiota as an environmental factor that regulates fat storage
Bäckhed, F., Ding, H., Wang, T., Hooper, L. V., Koh, G. Y., Nagy, A., Semenkovich, C. F., & Gordon, J. I. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0407076101 · Cited by 6,245
Self-citationCani, P. D., Bibiloni, R., Knauf, C., Waget, A., Neyrinck, A. M., Delzenne, N. M., & Burcelin, R. (2008) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db07-1403 · Cited by 4,819
Normal gut microbiota modulates brain development and behavior
Heijtz, R. D., Wang, S., Anuar, F., Qian, Y., Björkholm, B., Samuelsson, A., Hibberd, M. L., Forssberg, H., & Pettersson, S. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1010529108 · Cited by 3,228
Targeted disruption of the melanocortin-4 receptor results in obesity in mice
Huszar, D., Lynch, C. A., Fairchild-Huntress, V., Dunmore, J. H., Fang, Q., Berkemeier, L. R., Gu, W., Kesterson, R. A., Boston, B. A., Cone, R. D., et al. (1997) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81865-6 · Cited by 3,030
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Cryan, J. F., O'Riordan, K. J., Cowan, C. S. M., Sandhu, K. V., Bastiaanssen, T. F. S., Boehme, M., Codagnone, M. G., Cussotto, S., Fulling, C., Golubeva, A. V., et al. (2019) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00018.2018 · Cited by 5,286
Host microbiota constantly control maturation and function of microglia in the CNS
Erny, D., Hrabě de Angelis, A. L., Jaitin, D., Wieghofer, P., Staszewski, O., David, E., Keren-Shaul, H., Mahlakoiv, T., Jakobshagen, K., Buch, T., et al. (2015) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4030 · Cited by 3,569
Microbiota–gut–brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases
Loh, J. S., Mak, W. Q., Tan, L. K. S., Ng, C. X., Chan, H. H., Yeow, S. H., Foo, J. B., Ong, Y. S., How, C. W., & Khaw, K. Y. (2024) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-024-01743-1 · Cited by 1,193
Microbiota and neurodevelopmental windows: implications for brain disorders
Borre, Y. E., O’Keeffe, G. W., Clarke, G., Stanton, C., Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F. (2014) · Trends in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2014.05.002 · Cited by 1,089
From gut dysbiosis to altered brain function and mental illness: mechanisms and pathways
Rogers, G. B., Keating, D. J., Young, R. L., Wong, M.-L., Licinio, J., & Wesselingh, S. (2016) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2016.50 · Cited by 969
Metadata
- Authors
- Schéle, E., Grahnemo, L., Anesten, F., Hallén, A., Bäckhed, F., & Jansson, J.-O.
- Affiliations
- University of Gothenburg (SE)
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Jansson, John-Olov
- Venue
- Endocrinology
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2013-10-01
- Volume
- 154
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 3643-3651
- ISSN
- 0013-7227 (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7170
- OpenAlex
- W2013890677
- Cited by
- 209
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 8.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Vetenskapsrådet
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, leptin resistance, proglucagon, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, obesity, hypothalamus, brainstem, neuropeptides, germ-free mice, SOCS3, neuropeptide Y, agouti-related protein, proopiomelanocortin, cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript, food intake regulation, fat mass
- MeSH terms
- Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein, Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript Protein, Animals, Brain Stem, Central Nervous System, Germ-Free Life, Hypothalamus, Injections, Intraperitoneal, Intestines, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Neurons, Neuropeptide Y, Pro-Opiomelanocortin, Recombinant Proteins, Down-Regulation, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Leptin, Adiposity, Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins, Mice, Proglucagon, Agouti-Related Protein
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
