From gut dysbiosis to altered brain function and mental illness: mechanisms and pathways

Amyloid oligomers exacerbate tau pathology in a mouse model of tauopathy

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Human gut microbes associated with obesity

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Molecular Mechanisms of Depression: Perspectives on New Treatment Strategies

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Changes of Intestinal Functions in Liver Cirrhosis

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Effects of stress throughout the lifespan on the brain, behaviour and cognition

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Commensal microbe-derived butyrate induces the differentiation of colonic regulatory T cells

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The Microbial Metabolites, Short-Chain Fatty Acids, Regulate Colonic T _reg Cell Homeostasis

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Inflamm‐aging: An Evolutionary Perspective on Immunosenescence

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Metabolites produced by commensal bacteria promote peripheral regulatory T-cell generation

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Delivery mode shapes the acquisition and structure of the initial microbiota across multiple body habitats in newborns

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Richness of human gut microbiome correlates with metabolic markers

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Mind-altering microorganisms: the impact of the gut microbiota on brain and behaviour

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Vagus nerve stimulation attenuates the systemic inflammatory response to endotoxin

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Indigenous bacteria from the gut microbiota regulate host serotonin biosynthesis

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Host microbiota constantly control maturation and function of microglia in the CNS

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Physiology of Microglia

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Gut microbiota composition correlates with diet and health in the elderly

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Normal gut microbiota modulates brain development and behavior

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Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α7 subunit is an essential regulator of inflammation

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Treg induction by a rationally selected mixture of Clostridia strains from the human microbiota

Atarashi, K., Tanoue, T., Oshima, K., Suda, W., Nagano, Y., Nishikawa, H., Fukuda, S., Saito, T., Narushima, S., Hase, K., et al. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12331 · Cited by 2,872 · see citing works

Postnatal microbial colonization programs the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal system for stress response in mice

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Metabolomics analysis reveals large effects of gut microflora on mammalian blood metabolites

Wikoff, W. R., Anfora, A. T., Liu, J., Schultz, P. G., Lesley, S. A., Peters, E. C., & Siuzdak, G. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0812874106 · Cited by 2,677 · see citing works

The gut microbiota influences blood-brain barrier permeability in mice

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Gut–brain axis: How the microbiome influences anxiety and depression

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Schizophrenia risk from complex variation of complement component 4

Sekar, A., Bialas, A. R., de Rivera, H., Davis, A., Hammond, T. R., Kamitaki, N., Tooley, K., Presumey, J., Baum, M., Van Doren, V., et al. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature16549 · Cited by 2,394 · see citing works

The expanded biology of serotonin

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Gut microbiome remodeling induces depressive-like behaviors through a pathway mediated by the host’s metabolism

Zheng, P., Zeng, B., Zhou, C., Liu, M., Fang, Z., Xu, X., Zeng, L., Chen, J., Fan, S., Du, X., et al. (2016) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2016.44 · Cited by 2,023 · see citing works

Serotonin, tryptophan metabolism and the brain-gut-microbiome axis

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The microbiome and butyrate regulate energy metabolism and autophagy in the mammalian colon

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Regulation of short-chain fatty acid production

Macfarlane, S., & Macfarlane, G. T. (2003) · Proceedings of the Nutrition Society · doi:10.1079/pns2002207 · Cited by 1,939 · see citing works

The microbiome-gut-brain axis during early life regulates the hippocampal serotonergic system in a sex-dependent manner

Clarke, G., Grenham, S., Scully, P., Fitzgerald, P., Moloney, R. D., Shanahan, F., Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F. (2013) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2012.77 · Cited by 1,893 · see citing works

Microglial physiology: unique stimuli, specialized responses

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Dietary intervention impact on gut microbial gene richness

Cotillard, A., Kennedy, S. P., Kong, L. C., Prifti, E., Pons, N., Le Chatelier, E., Almeida, M., Quinquis, B., Levenez, F., Galleron, N., et al. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12480 · Cited by 1,832 · see citing works

Composition, variability, and temporal stability of the intestinal microbiota of the elderly

Claesson, M. J., Cusack, S., O'Sullivan, O., Greene-Diniz, R., de Weerd, H., Flannery, E., Marchesi, J. R., Falush, D., Dinan, T., Fitzgerald, G., et al. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1000097107 · Cited by 1,754 · see citing works

The Intestinal Microbiota Affect Central Levels of Brain-Derived Neurotropic Factor and Behavior in Mice

Bercik, P., Denou, E., Collins, J., Jackson, W., Lu, J., Jury, J., Deng, Y., Blennerhassett, P., Macri, J., McCoy, K. D., et al. (2011) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2011.04.052 · Cited by 1,748 · see citing works

Meta-Analysis of Cytokine Alterations in Schizophrenia: Clinical Status and Antipsychotic Effects

Miller, B. J., Buckley, P., Seabolt, W., Mellor, A., & Kirkpatrick, B. (2011) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.04.013 · Cited by 1,742 · see citing works

Common variants conferring risk of schizophrenia

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The interplay between the intestinal microbiota and the brain

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Kynurenines in the mammalian brain: when physiology meets pathology

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Through Ageing, and Beyond: Gut Microbiota and Inflammatory Status in Seniors and Centenarians

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Transkingdom Control of Microbiota Diurnal Oscillations Promotes Metabolic Homeostasis

Thaiss, C. A., Zeevi, D., Levy, M., Zilberman-Schapira, G., Suez, J., Tengeler, A. C., Abramson, L., Katz, M. N., Korem, T., Zmora, N., et al. (2014) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.09.048 · Cited by 1,449 · see citing works

Extraordinary neoteny of synaptic spines in the human prefrontal cortex

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Reduced anxiety-like behavior and central neurochemical change in germ-free mice: Behavior in germ-free mice

Neufeld, K. M., Kang, N., Bienenstock, J., & Foster, J. A. (2011) · Neurogastroenterology & Motility · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2982.2010.01620.x · Cited by 1,392 · see citing works

Principles and clinical implications of the brain-gut-enteric microbiota axis

Rhee, S. H., Pothoulakis, C., & Mayer, E. A. (2009) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2009.35 · Cited by 1,342 · see citing works

Bile acids and the gut microbiome

Ridlon, J. M., Kang, D. J., Hylemon, P. B., & Bajaj, J. S. (2014) · Current Opinion in Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/mog.0000000000000057 · Cited by 1,329 · see citing works

Microglia and brain macrophages in the molecular age: from origin to neuropsychiatric disease

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The developmental role of serotonin: news from mouse molecular genetics

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Obesity and Vascular Risk Factors at Midlife and the Risk of Dementia and Alzheimer Disease

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Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia: baseline results from the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) schizophrenia trial and comparison with national estimates from NHANES III.

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Consumption of fermented milk product with probiotic modulates brain activity

Tillisch, K., Labus, J., Kilpatrick, L., Jiang, Z., Stains, J., Ebrat, B., Guyonnet, D., Legrain–Raspaud, S., Trotin, B., Naliboff, B., et al. (2013) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2013.02.043 · Cited by 1,192 · see citing works

Serotonin signalling in the gut: functions, dysfunctions and therapeutic targets

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γ-Aminobutyric acid production by culturable bacteria from the human intestine

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Epithelial-cell recognition of commensal bacteria and maintenance of immune homeostasis in the gut

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Exposure to a social stressor alters the structure of the intestinal microbiota: Implications for stressor-induced immunomodulation

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Systematic review of the comorbidity of irritable bowel syndrome with other disorders: What are the causes and implications?

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Short-chain fatty acids and ketones directly regulate sympathetic nervous system via G protein-coupled receptor 41 (GPR41)

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Microbiota and neurodevelopmental windows: implications for brain disorders

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Health, functioning, and disability in older adults—present status and future implications

Chatterji, S., Byles, J., Cutler, D., Seeman, T. E., & Verdes, E. (2014) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61462-8 · Cited by 1,075 · see citing works

Maternal antenatal anxiety and children's behavioural/emotional problems at 4 years

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The long-term behavioural consequences of prenatal stress

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The Intestinal Microbiome in Early Life: Health and Disease

Arrieta, M.-C., Stiemsma, L. T., Amenyogbe, N., Brown, E. M., & Finlay, B. (2014) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2014.00427 · Cited by 1,024 · see citing works

The anxiolytic effect of Bifidobacterium longum NCC3001 involves vagal pathways for gut-brain communication

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Effects of the probiotic Bifidobacterium infantis in the maternal separation model of depression

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Commensal bacteria calibrate the activation threshold of innate antiviral immunity

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The microbiome-gut-brain axis: from bowel to behavior

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Inflammatory Cytokine Alterations in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Quantitative Review

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Postnatal disappearance of the pregnancy-associated reduced sensitivity of plasma cortisol to feedback inhibition

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Brain-gut-microbe communication in health and disease

Grenham, S., Clarke, G., Cryan, J. F., & Dinan, T. G. (2011) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2011.00094 · Cited by 952 · see citing works

The probiotic Bifidobacteria infantis: an assessment of potential antidepressant properties in the rat

Desbonnet, L., Garrett, L., Clarke, G., Bienenstock, J., & Dinan, T. G. (2008) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2008.03.009 · Cited by 952 · see citing works

Serotonin Function and the Mechanism of Antidepressant Action

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Bacterial infection causes stress-induced memory dysfunction in mice

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Early life antibiotic‐driven changes in microbiota enhance susceptibility to allergic asthma

Russell, S. L., Gold, M. J., Hartmann, M., Willing, B. P., Thorson, L., Wlodarska, M., Gill, N., Blanchet, M., Mohn, W. W., McNagny, K. M., et al. (2012) · The EMBO Reports · doi:10.1038/embor.2012.32 · Cited by 883 · see citing works

Microbiota is essential for social development in the mouse

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Neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia: update 2012

Rapoport, J. L., Giedd, J. N., & Gogtay, N. (2012) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2012.23 · Cited by 790 · see citing works

Cytokine, Sickness Behavior, and Depression

Dantzer, R. (2009) · Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.iac.2009.02.002 · Cited by 789 · see citing works

Gut microbiota depletion from early adolescence in mice: implications for brain and behaviour

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The Gut Microbiome Contributes to a Substantial Proportion of the Variation in Blood Lipids

Fu, J., Bonder, M. J., Cenit, M. C., Tigchelaar, E. F., Maatman, A., Dekens, J. A. M., Brandsma, E., Marczynska, J., Imhann, F., Weersma, R. K., et al. (2015) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.115.306807 · Cited by 748 · see citing works

High-fat diet alters gut microbiota physiology in mice

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Chronic Gastrointestinal Inflammation Induces Anxiety-Like Behavior and Alters Central Nervous System Biochemistry in Mice

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Stress during pregnancy is associated with developmental outcome in infancy

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Impact of maternal intrapartum antibiotics, method of birth and breastfeeding on gut microbiota during the first year of life: a prospective cohort study

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5-Hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) in the gastrointestinal tract

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Prevention of gut leakiness by a probiotic treatment leads to attenuated HPA response to an acute psychological stress in rats

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The Relationship Between Intestinal Microbiota and the Central Nervous System in Normal Gastrointestinal Function and Disease

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The gut-brain barrier in major depression: intestinal mucosal dysfunction with an increased translocation of LPS from gram negative enterobacteria (leaky gut) plays a role in the inflammatory pathophysiology of depression.

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