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Prolactin Regulates Kisspeptin Neurons in the Arcuate Nucleus to Suppress LH Secretion in Female Rats
Abstract
Prolactin (PRL) is known to suppress LH secretion. Kisspeptin neurons regulate LH secretion and express PRL receptors. We investigated whether PRL acts on kisspeptin neurons to suppress LH secretion in lactating (Lac) and virgin rats. Lac rats displayed high PRL secretion and reduced plasma LH and kisspeptin immunoreactivity in the arcuate nucleus (ARC). Bromocriptine-induced PRL blockade significantly increased ARC kisspeptin and plasma LH levels in Lac rats but did not restore them to the levels of non-Lac rats. Bromocriptine effects were prevented by the coadministration of ovine PRL (oPRL). Virgin ovariectomized (OVX) rats treated with either systemic or intracerebroventricular oPRL displayed reduction of kisspeptin expression in the ARC and plasma LH levels, and these effects were comparable with those of estradiol treatment in OVX rats. Conversely, estradiol-treated OVX rats displayed increased kisspeptin immunoreactivity in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus, whereas oPRL had no effect in this brain area. The expression of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 was used to determine whether kisspeptin neurons in the ARC were responsive to PRL. Accordingly, intracerebroventricular oPRL induced expression of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 in the great majority of ARC kisspeptin neurons in virgin and Lac rats. We provide here evidence that PRL acts on ARC neurons to inhibit kisspeptin expression in female rats. During lactation, PRL contributes to the inhibition of ARC kisspeptin. In OVX rats, high PRL levels suppress kisspeptin expression and reduce LH release. These findings suggest a pathway through which hyperprolactinemia may inhibit LH secretion and thereby cause infertility.
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“In addition, during lactation, elevated PRL inhibits kisspeptin expression in the arcuate nucleus (35).”
From Kisspeptin Overcomes GnRH Neuronal Suppression Secondary to Hyperprolactinemia in Humans (2022) · cites this paper as [35]
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Prolactin function and putative expression in the brain
Cabrera-Reyes, E. A., Limón‐Morales, O., Rivero-Segura, N. A., Camacho‐Arroyo, I., & Cerbón, M. A. (2017) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-017-1346-x · Cited by 119
“nucleus as well as low LH plasma levels [94, 97].”
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“13).”
The Association Between Prolactin and Metabolic Parameters in PCOS Women: A Retrospective Analysis
Yang, H., Di, J., Pan, J., Yu, R., Teng, Y., Cai, Z., & Deng, X. (2020) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.00263 · Cited by 73
“Under certain physiological and pathological conditions, high serum PRL above the normal range can directly inhibit the synthesis and release of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus (44) and reduce the secretion of GnRH to the portal vein (45), and high serum PRL also can suppress kisspeptin neu…”
BackgroundMillar, R. P., Sonigo, C., Anderson, R. A., George, J. T., Maione, L., Brailly‐Tabard, S., Chanson, P., Binart, N., & Young, J. (2017) · Journal of the Endocrine Society · doi:10.1210/js.2017-00328 · Cited by 68
Helena, C. V. V., Toporikova, N., Kalil, B., Stathopoulos, A. M., Pogrebna, V. V., Carolino, R. O. G., Anselmo-Franci, J. A., & Bertram, R. (2015) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2015-1070 · Cited by 65
“No staining was observed after preabsorbtion with kisspeptin-10 (27) or omission of the primary antibody (data not shown).”
BackgroundMethodSecretion and Function of Pituitary Prolactin in Evolutionary Perspective
Dobolyi, Á., Oláh, S., Keller, D. W., KUMARI, R. R., Fazekas, E. A., Csikós, V., Renner, É., & Cservenák, M. (2020) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2020.00621 · Cited by 69
Brown, R. S. E., Khant Aung, Z., Phillipps, H. R., Barad, Z., Lein, H.-J., Boehm, U., Szawka, R. E., & Grattan, D. R. (2019) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2019-00038 · Cited by 62
Current Insights in Prolactin Signaling and Ovulatory Function
Szukiewicz, D. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25041976 · Cited by 77
“…that the PRL/PRL-kisspeptin interaction plays an important role in the regulation of the HPG axis was obtained by demonstrating that systemic or intracerebroventricular (icv) infusion of PRL inhibited KISS1 expression in the hypothalamus, with a subsequent reduction in plasma LH levels [316,320].”
BackgroundProlactinomas, cabergoline, and pregnancy
Glezer, A., & Bronstein, M. D. (2014) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-014-0334-7 · Cited by 61
Kisspeptin Regulation of Neuronal Activity throughout the Central Nervous System
Liu, X., & Herbison, A. E. (2016) · Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.3803/enm.2016.31.2.193 · Cited by 61
The Emerging Therapeutic Potential of Kisspeptin and Neurokinin B
Patel, B., Koysombat, K., Mills, E., Tsoutsouki, J., Comninos, A. N., Abbara, A., & Dhillo, W. S. (2023) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/endrev/bnad023 · Cited by 64
Kisspeptin across the human lifespan:evidence from animal studies and beyond
Clarke, S. A., & Dhillo, W. S. (2016) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/joe-15-0538 · Cited by 56
“2014), with researchers suggesting that this may be the underlying mechanism behind hyperprolactinaemia-associated hypogonadism (Araujo-Lopes et al. 2014).”
BackgroundZhang, Z., Tang, J., Di, R., Liu, Q., Wang, X., Gan, S., Zhang, X., Zhang, J., Chu, M., & Hu, W. (2020) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2019.01296 · Cited by 53
“PRL, as mentioned above, plays an important role in GnRH activities (Araujo-Lopes et al., 2014).”
BackgroundRibeiro, A. B., Leite, C. M., Kalil, B., Franci, C. R., Anselmo-Franci, J. A., & Szawka, R. E. (2014) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.12242 · Cited by 52
Interactions between prolactin and kisspeptin to control reproduction
Donato, J., & Frazão, R. (2016) · Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1590/2359-3997000000230 · Cited by 60
“Additionally, these receptors are functional because an acute prolactin stimulus can induce pSTAT5 in Kiss1-expressing neurons (detailed information can be found on Table 1) (4,5,8).”
BackgroundInfluentialKisspeptin Overcomes GnRH Neuronal Suppression Secondary to Hyperprolactinemia in Humans
Hoskova, K., Kayton Bryant, N., Chen, M. E., Nachtigall, L. B., Lippincott, M. F., Balasubramanian, R., & Seminara, S. B. (2022) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgac166 · Cited by 39
A reduction in voluntary physical activity in early pregnancy in mice is mediated by prolactin
Ladyman, S. R., Carter, K. M., Gillett, M. L., Aung, Z. K., & Grattan, D. R. (2021) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.62260 · Cited by 41
Role of the Kiss1/Kiss1r system in the regulation of pituitary cell function
Gahete, M. D., Vazquez-Borrego, M. C., Martínez‐Fuentes, A. J., Tena‐Sempere, M., Castano, J. P., & Luque, R. M. (2016) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2016.07.039 · Cited by 40
“322 Likewise, expression of PRL receptors has been detected in hypothalamic (rostral and 323 arcuate nucleus) Kiss1 neurons in rats [63, 65].”
Pilar Vigil, P., Ana, C. L. D., Flores, B., Rioseco, H., & Serrano, F. G. (2017) · The Linacre Quarterly · doi:10.1080/00243639.2017.1394053 · Cited by 38
Cao, X., Xu, H., Xiong, J., Zhu, W., Zhang, J., & Chen, L. (2018) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2018.00006 · Cited by 39
“, 2011); the administration of PRL prevents the occurrence of preovulatory LH surges in ovary-intact rats (Araujo-Lopes et al., 2014).”
BackgroundInfluentialBrown, R. S. E., Herbison, A. E., & Grattan, D. R. (2015) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.12297 · Cited by 37
Lactational Amenorrhea: Neuroendocrine Pathways Controlling Fertility and Bone Turnover
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“ARC neurons to inhibit kisspeptin expression [65,66].”
BackgroundMoustafa, A. (2020) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.10.315 · Cited by 37
Aquino, N. S. S., Araújo-Lopes, R., Henriques, P. C., Lopes, F. E. F., Gusmão, D. O., Coimbra, C. C., Franci, C. R., dos Reis, A. M., & Szawka, R. E. (2017) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2016-1855 · Cited by 37
STAT5 signaling in kisspeptin cells regulates the timing of puberty
Silveira, M. A., Furigo, I. C., Zampieri, T. T., Bohlen, T. M., de Paula, D. G., Franci, C. R., Donato, J., & Frazão, R. (2017) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2017.03.024 · Cited by 36
“…prolactin induces direct, acute effects on the membrane 300 excitability of kisspeptin neurons, previous studies r ported that many kisspeptin neurons are responsive 301 to prolactin (Araujo-Lopes et al., 2014; Brown et al., 2014; Kokay et al., 2011; Li et al., 2011; Sjoeh lm 302 et al., 2011).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSilveira, M. A., Zampieri, T. T., Furigo, I. C., Abdulkader, F., Donato, J., & Frazão, R. (2019) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2019.03.003 · Cited by 34
Wu, H., Chang, H., & Leung, P. C. K. (2020) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2020.100876 · Cited by 37
Plasticity of the Prolactin (PRL) Axis: Mechanisms Underlying Regulation of Output in Female Mice
Tissier, P. L., Hodson, D. J., Martin, A., Romanò, N., & Mollard, P. (2014) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-12114-7_6 · Cited by 35
“Recent studies in rats have suggested that the pathway leading to this suppression of fertility is via kisspeptin neuron inhibition by the high PRL levels during lactation [23], together with direct effects upon LH release from pituitary gonadotrophs [20, 24].”
BackgroundArcuate Nucleus of the Hypothalamus: Anatomy, Physiology, and Diseases
Song, J., & Choi, S. (2023) · Experimental Neurobiology · doi:10.5607/en23040 · Cited by 34
“Prolactin binds to prolactin receptors in ARH Kiss+ neurons and thus decreases Kiss1 expression in female rats, leading to suppression of LH secretion and subsequent infertility [87].”
BackgroundSaedi, S., Khoradmehr, A., Shirazi, M. R. J., & Tamadon, A. (2018) · Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy · doi:10.1016/j.jchemneu.2018.07.001 · Cited by 26
Lin, C., Jiang, X. X., Hu, G., Ko, W. K. W., & Wong, A. (2014) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2014.10.010 · Cited by 23
Rapid modulation of hypothalamic Kiss1 levels by the suckling stimulus in the lactating rat
Higo, S., Aikawa, S., Iijima, N., & Ozawa, H. (2015) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/joe-15-0143 · Cited by 22
“Jo u rn a l o f E n d o cr in o lo g y Several studies report the reduced expression of kisspeptin under lactating condition using rats (Yamada et al. 2007, 2012, True et al. 2011, Araujo-Lopes et al. 2014) and mice (Liu et al. 2014).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSilva, J. F., Henriques, P. C., Campideli-Santana, A. C., Araújo-Lopes, R., Aquino, N. S. S., Hipolito, L. T. M., Lopes‐Aguiar, C., dos Reis, A. M., Grattan, D. R., & Szawka, R. E. (2020) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endocr/bqaa022 · Cited by 22
Silva, K. S. D. C., Aquino, N. S. S., Gusmão, D. O., Henriques, P. C., dos Reis, A. M., & Szawka, R. E. (2020) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.12880 · Cited by 21
Yin, X., Di, T., Cao, X., Liu, Z., Xie, J., & Zhang, S. (2021) · Journal of Ovarian Research · doi:10.1186/s13048-021-00903-z · Cited by 21
Jamieson, B. B., & Piet, R. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.101006 · Cited by 24
Aquino, N. S. S., Araújo-Lopes, R., Batista, I. A. R., Henriques, P. C., Poletini, M. O., Franci, C. R., dos Reis, A. M., & Szawka, R. E. (2015) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.12338 · Cited by 21
Prolactin and Its Role in Human Reproduction
Tritos, N. A., & Klibanski, A. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-47912-7.00003-2 · Cited by 21
The role of prolactin in co-ordinating fertility and metabolic adaptations during reproduction
Ladyman, S. R., Hackwell, E. C. R., & Brown, R. S. E. (2019) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107911 · Cited by 20
Acute effects of prolactin on hypothalamic prolactin receptor expressing neurones in the mouse
Georgescu, T. R., Ladyman, S. R., Brown, R. S. E., & Grattan, D. R. (2020) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.12908 · Cited by 21
“Prolactin increases the expression of pSTAT5 in both ARC and AVPV kisspeptin neurones [16,26,37,38], but only has acute effects on 5% of the AVPV population [16].”
BackgroundSomatostatin-Somatostatin Receptor 2 Signaling Mediates LH Pulse Suppression in Lactating Rats
Sugimoto, A., Tsuchida, H., Ieda, N., Ikegami, K., Inoue, N., Uenoyama, Y., & Tsukamura, H. (2018) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2018-00882 · Cited by 19
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Grattan, D. R., & Szawka, R. E. (2019) · Seminars in Reproductive Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-0039-3400956 · Cited by 17
Henriques, P. C., Aquino, N. S. S., Campideli-Santana, A. C., Silva, J. F., Araújo-Lopes, R., Franci, C. R., Coimbra, C. C., & Szawka, R. E. (2022) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endocr/bqac101 · Cited by 15
Beato, S., Toledo-Solís, F. J., & Fernández, I. (2020) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom10091303 · Cited by 14
“In contrast, different studies in mammals have proved that high prolactin (PRL) levels and dynorphin inhibit the KISS signaling pathway [130,131].”
ResultHypothalamic Prolactin Regulation of Luteinizing Hormone Secretion in the Female Rat
Grachev, P., Li, X. F., Goffin, V., & O'Byrne, K. T. (2015) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2015-1040 · Cited by 14
“A significant proportion of PRL-receptive ARC neurons are likely to be KNDy neurons because icv administration of PRL induced phosphorylated STAT5 expression in most kisspeptin-immunoreactive cells in this region (15).”
BackgroundTomori, Y., Takumi, K., Iijima, N., Takai, S., & Ozawa, H. (2016) · Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1016/j.neures.2016.11.005 · Cited by 15
“On the other hand, PRL has no effect on kisspeptin expression in the AVPV of ovariectomized rats (Araujo-Lopes et al., 2014).”
BackgroundKisspeptin Treatment Restores Ovarian Function in Rats with Hypothyroidism
de Oliveira, L. S., da Silva, T. Q. M., Barbosa, E. M., Cordeiro, J. M. D. A., Santos, L. C., Henriques, P. C., Santos, B. R., Gusmão, D. D. O., de Macedo, I. O., Szawka, R. E., et al. (2022) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/thy.2021.0638 · Cited by 13
“26 The analysis of the images was blind using the ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, USA).”
Fasting Modulates GABAergic Synaptic Transmission to Arcuate Kisspeptin Neurons in Female Mice
Mansano, N. D. S., Vieira, H. R., Araújo-Lopes, R., Szawka, R. E., Donato, J., & Frazão, R. (2023) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endocr/bqad150 · Cited by 13
Okada, H., Kanasaki, H., Tumurbaatar, T., Tumurgan, Z., Oride, A., & Kyo, S. (2022) · Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology · doi:10.1186/s12958-022-00963-w · Cited by 13
Diurnal regulation of hypothalamic kisspeptin is disrupted during mouse pregnancy
Yap, C., Wharfe, M. D., Mark, P. J., Waddell, B. J., & Smith, J. T. (2016) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/joe-16-0086 · Cited by 12
Campideli-Santana, A. C., Gusmão, D. O., de Almeida, F. R. C. L., Araújo-Lopes, R., & Szawka, R. E. (2022) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.13204 · Cited by 12
“The omission of the primary antibody resulted in no labeling (data not shown), and the immunoreactivity of the anti-kisspeptin antibody has been abolished by the preadsorption with kisspeptin-10.(30) Sections containing the ARC and ME were double labeled for S(40)pTH and TH using immunofluorescence as described previo…”
MethodNew insights into human prolactin pathophysiology: genomics and beyond
Chang, S., & Copperman, A. B. (2019) · Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/gco.0000000000000545 · Cited by 12
Yan, Z., & Lei, T. (2022) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci12060796 · Cited by 12
“The latest finding is that PRL induces the phosphorylation of signal transduction and activator of transcription 5 (pSTAT5) in the kisspeptin neurons of the arcuate nucleus in rats [38].”
BackgroundMills, E., & Dhillo, W. S. (2022) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.13201 · Cited by 12
“whereas kisspeptin neurons unequivocally do with hyperprolactinaemia reducing hypothalamic kisspeptin expression.(68) This reveals that”
BackgroundPathophysiology and Medical Management of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder
Clayton, A. H., & Vignozzi, L. (2018) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119266136.ch6 · Cited by 13
Hackwell, E. C., Ladyman, S. R., Clarkson, J., McQuillan, H. J., Boehm, U., Herbison, A. E., Brown, R. S., & Grattan, D. R. (2025) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.94570 · Cited by 12
Dong, S., Hou, B., Yang, C., Li, Y., Sun, B., Guo, Y., Deng, M., Liu, D., & Liu, G. (2023) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes14020444 · Cited by 12
Mood, Food, and Fertility: Adaptations of the Maternal Brain
Woodside, B. C. (2016) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c150036 · Cited by 12
“A similar study focusing on the effects of PRL on kisspeptin expression in the ARC was conducted in rats on Day 8 of lactation (20) and demonstrated that Kisspeptin neurons responded to PRL administration.”
Büdefeld, T., Tobet, S. A., & Majdič, G. (2015) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000437166 · Cited by 10
Neuroendocrinology of Reproduction
McCartney, C. R., & Marshall, J. C. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4557-2758-2.00001-9 · Cited by 10
Kisspeptin and lactational anestrus: Current understanding and future prospects
Uenoyama, Y., Inoue, N., & Tsukamura, H. (2023) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2023.171026 · Cited by 9
Nass, R. M., & Evans, W. S. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-47912-7.00020-2 · Cited by 10
Norepinephrine modulation of heat dissipation in female rats lacking estrogen
Fonseca, C. S., Aquino, N. S. S., Gonçalves, G. K. N., Drummond, L. R., Hipolito, L. T. M., Silva, J. F., Silva, K. S. D. C., Henriques, P. C., Domingues, T. E., Lacerda, A. C. R., et al. (2022) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.13188 · Cited by 8
Iwata, K., Ikehara, M., Kunimura, Y., & Ozawa, H. (2016) · ACTA HISTOCHEMICA ET CYTOCHEMICA · doi:10.1267/ahc.16027 · Cited by 8
Hypothalamic Kisspeptin Expression in Hyperandrogenic Female Rats and Aging Rats
Iwata, K., Kunimura, Y., & Ozawa, H. (2019) · ACTA HISTOCHEMICA ET CYTOCHEMICA · doi:10.1267/ahc.19013 · Cited by 8
Neuroendocrinology of Reproduction
McCartney, C. R., & Marshall, J. C. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-47912-7.00001-9 · Cited by 9
Voigt, C., & Bennett, N. C. (2018) · Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy · doi:10.1016/j.jchemneu.2018.08.002 · Cited by 8
Yip, S. H., Araújo-Lopes, R., Szawka, R. E., York, J., Hyland, B. I., Grattan, D. R., & Bunn, S. J. (2020) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.12884 · Cited by 8
The elusive role of prolactin in the sociality of the naked mole-rat
Gilbert, J. D., Rossiter, S. J., Bennett, N. C., & Faulkes, C. G. (2022) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2022.105196 · Cited by 8
Ohtaki, T., FUJIWARA, H., Watanabe, G., Mamiko, O. N. O., Taya, K., & Tsumagari, S. (2020) · Journal of Veterinary Medical Science · doi:10.1292/jvms.19-0397 · Cited by 7
“PRL may modulate the reproductive axis by acting on a specific population of hypothalamic neurons that express the Kiss1 gene [1, 36].”
BackgroundPlasma kisspeptin levels in lactational amenorrhea
Kotani, M., Katagiri, F., Hirai, T., Kagawa, J., & Tanaka, I. (2017) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.1080/09513590.2017.1320380 · Cited by 7
“In rodent central nervous systems, the kisspeptin secretion is regulated by multiple factors such as neurokinin B, dynorphin, sex steroids and prolactin (PRL) [5,10–12].”
BackgroundInfluentialYousuf, S., Malik, W. A., Feng, H., Liu, T., Xie, L., & Miao, X. (2025) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/s12864-025-11408-0 · Cited by 6
“…prolactin (PRL) release but also inhibit luteinizing (LH) release, and this inhibitory effects may occur through prohibiting the release of GnRH [73]. oar-miR-379-5p has also been reported potential biomarkers of early pregnancy in sheep [74]. oar-miR-16b was found to be differently expressed…”
Biological roles of growth hormone/prolactin from an evolutionary perspective
Iwasaki, Y., Nishiyama, M., Corcoran, D., & Araki, T. (2024) · Endocrine Journal · doi:10.1507/endocrj.ej24-0118 · Cited by 8
Socs3 ablation in kisspeptin cells partially prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced body weight loss
Bohlen, T. M., de Paula, D. G., Teixeira, P. D. S., Mansano, N. D. S., Alves, G. A., Donato, J., & Frazão, R. (2022) · Cytokine · doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155999 · Cited by 6
Zhang, Z., Tang, J., He, X., Di, R., Zhang, X., Zhang, J., Hu, W., & Chu, M. (2020) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani10112111 · Cited by 6
“A previous study revealed that PRL in the hypothalami of mice could inhibit LH release, probably by involving GnRH release, and kisspeptin neurons seemed to be the target of PRL-inhibiting GnRH neurons [49].”
BackgroundHackwell, E. C. R., Ladyman, S. R., Clarkson, J., McQuillan, H. J., Boehm, U., Herbison, A. E., Brown, R. S. E., & Grattan, D. R. (2025) · eLife · doi:10.1101/2024.01.26.577359 · Cited by 4
Wang, Y., Sheng, F., Cao, L., Ni, J., Wang, M., Yan, Y., Wang, J., Lu, J., Zhou, J., & Shao, H. (2025) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-025-07307-7 · Cited by 4
Govindaraj, V., Shridharan, R. N., & Rao, A. J. (2018) · General and Comparative Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.05.005 · Cited by 4
Corona, R., Jayakumar, P., Carbajo-Mata, M. A., Valle-Díaz, M. F. D., Luna-García, L. A., & Morales, T. (2020) · General and Comparative Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113652 · Cited by 4
Impact of One-Week Administration of Dihydrotestosterone in Rat Anterior Pituitary Gland
Kanasaki, H., Tumurbaatar, T., Cairang, Z., Tumurgan, Z., Oride, A., Okada, H., & Kyo, S. (2022) · International Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/2022/9525227 · Cited by 3
“Previous reports demonstrated the suppressive effect of prolactin on KNDy neurons and the subsequent reduction in gonadotropin secretion [39, 40].”
BackgroundUenoyama, Y., Nonogaki, M., Tsuchida, H., Takizawa, M., Matsuzaki, S., Inoue, N., & Tsukamura, H. (2024) · Journal of Reproduction and Development · doi:10.1262/jrd.2024-045 · Cited by 3
Purohit, S., Rai, S., & Kalvit, S. (2021) · Journal of Reproductive Healthcare and Medicine · doi:10.25259/jrhm_27_2020 · Cited by 2
Lactation and the Control of the Prolactin Secretion
Szawka, R. E., Bunn, S. J., Tissier, P. L., Yip, S. H., & Grattan, D. R. (2024) · Masterclass in neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-51138-7_7 · Cited by 2
Kisspeptin as a test of hypothalamic dysfunction in pubertal and reproductive disorders
Pierret, A. C. S., Patel, A., Daniels, E., Comninos, A. N., Dhillo, W. S., & Abbara, A. (2025) · Andrology · doi:10.1111/andr.13843 · Cited by 2
The kisspeptin analog C6 reverses reproductive dysfunction in a mouse model of hyperprolactinemia
Beaudou, C., Sionneau, L., Lomet, D., Robert, V., Jarrier-Gaillard, P., Aucagne, V., Dardente, H., Beltramo, M., & Hellier, V. (2025) · Reproduction · doi:10.1530/rep-25-0036 · Cited by 1
Bozkurt, G., Ağaoğlu, A. R., Aslan, S., Wehrend, A., Çortu, A., Tepik, F. Z., & Schäfer–Somi, S. (2025) · Theriogenology · doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117633 · Cited by 1
Role of KNDy neurons in the negative-feedback suppression of gonadotropin secretion in female rats
Campideli-Santana, A. C., Silva, K. S. D. C., Araújo-Lopes, R., de Almeida, F. R. C. L., Donato, J., dos Reis, A. M., & Szawka, R. E. (2026) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endocr/bqag086
Male Hypogonadism Due to Disorders of the Pituitary and Suprasellar Region
Pivonello, R., Salzano, C., Galdiero, M., & Colao, A. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-53298-1_8 · Cited by 1
Hormonal regulation of menstrual function in patients of reproductive age with acromegaly
Vorotnikova, S. Y., Dzeranova, L. K., Васильевна, С. И., Pigarova, E. A., Andreeva, E. N., Nikankina, L. V., & Masenko, V. P. (2019) · Obesity and metabolism · doi:10.14341/omet10049 · Cited by 1
The interaction of prolactin and kisspeptin in conditions of normo- and hyperprolactinemia
Tolgaeva, E. A., Loktionova, A., & Ilovayskaya, I. (2020) · Russian Bulletin of Obstetrician-Gynecologist · doi:10.17116/rosakush20202002135 · Cited by 1
Efficacy of GnRH Pulses in Hypogonadism Secondary to Primary Empty Sella: Case Report
Ran, C., Peng, G., Shen, R., Liao, Q., Liao, M., Wang, Q., Zhou, L., Zheng, H., & Long, M. (2024) · Reproductive Sciences · doi:10.1007/s43032-024-01637-1 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Araujo-Lopes, R., Crampton, J. R., Aquino, N. S. S., Miranda, R. M., Kokay, I. C., Reis, A. M., Franci, C. R., Grattan, D. R., & Szawka, R. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Otago (NZ)
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (BR)
- Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
- Venue
- Endocrinology
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2014-03
- Volume
- 155
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1010-1020
- ISSN
- 0013-7227 (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7170
- OpenAlex
- W2111299253
- Cited by
- 119
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 6
- FWCI
- 14.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Pfizer
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Keywords
- prolactin, kisspeptin neurons, arcuate nucleus, luteinizing hormone secretion, lactation, hyperprolactinemia, ovariectomy, estradiol, anteroventral periventricular nucleus, STAT5 phosphorylation, bromocriptine, prolactin receptor, female infertility, hypothalamic regulation of reproduction
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus, Bromocriptine, Estradiol, Female, Hyperprolactinemia, Immunohistochemistry, Luteinizing Hormone, Neurons, Phosphorylation, Prolactin, Radioimmunoassay, Sheep, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Rats, Wistar, STAT5 Transcription Factor, Rats, Kisspeptins
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