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A C-Terminal Fragment of Agouti-Related Protein Increases Feeding and Antagonizes the Effect of Alpha-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone in Vivo
Abstract
Agouti-related protein (Agrp) is present in rat and human hypothalamus and is structurally related to agouti protein. Overexpression of either of these proteins results in obesity. However the effect of exogenous Agrp and its in vivo interaction with alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alphaMSH), the likely endogenous melanocortin 3 and 4 receptor (MC3-R and MC4-R) agonist, have not been demonstrated. We report that 1 nmol of Agrp(83-132), a C-terminal fragment of Agrp, when administered intracerebroventricularly (ICV) into rats, increased food intake over a 24-h period (23.0+/-1.4 g saline vs 32.9+/-2.3 g Agrp, p<0.05). The hyperphagia was similar to that seen when 1 nmol of the synthetic MC3-R and MC4-R antagonist SHU9119 was given i.c.v. (19.6+/-1.8 g saline vs 32.5+/-1.7 g SHU9119, p<0.001). Both Agrp(83-132) and SHU9119 blocked the reduction in 1-h food intake of i.c.v. alphaMSH at the beginning of the dark phase. This effect occurred independently of whether the antagonists were administered simultaneously, or nine hours prior, to the alphaMSH. We have also shown Agrp(83-132) is an antagonist at the MC3-R and MC4-R, with similar inhibition of cAMP activation to that previously reported for the full length peptide. In conclusion, Agrp(83-132) administered i.c.v. increases feeding with long lasting effects and is able to inhibit the action of alphaMSH. This interaction may be mediated by the MC3-R and/or MC4-R.
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“In contrast to its pro-opiomelanocortin-stimulating action, insulin inhibits NPY expression144 in Agouti-related peptide (AgRP/NPY) neurons, which are known to secrete the orexigenic neuropeptides NPY145, 146, 147 and AgRP.148, 149”
From Pancreatic regulation of glucose homeostasis. (2016) · cites this paper as [149]
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Self-citationRho-kinase mediates the anorexigenic action of melanocortin by suppressing AMPKPreprint
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“…hypothalamus (PVH), amygdala, DMH, and cortex are crucial for the regulation of feeding behavior, energy expenditure, glucose homeostasis and autonomic outflow (Krashes et al., 2016, Balthasar et al., 2005, Small et al., 2001, Shah et al., 2014, Rossi et al., 1998, Huszar et al., 1997).”
BackgroundOliveira, L. D. C. (2022) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.17.2022.tde-06022023-105659 · Cited by 2
Inactivating Melanocortin 4 Receptor Mutations and Human Obesity
Tao, Y. (2007) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-60327-139-4_3 · Cited by 1
“AgRP increases feeding and can antagonize Inactivating MC4R Mutations and Human Obesity 47 the effect of � -MSH on food intake ( 10 ).”
BackgroundNeural Control of Feeding and Energy Homeostasis
Caron, É., & Ahima, R. S. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1607-5_5 · Cited by 1
The Role of Central Nervous System Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 in the Regulation of Energy Balance
Barrera, J. G. (2009) · OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network) · Cited by 1
Reizes, O., Benoit, S. C., & Clegg, D. J. (2007) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-400-1_1 · Cited by 1
Advances in energy balance & metabolism circuitry
Grajales‐Reyes, J. G. (2025) · Advances in genetics · doi:10.1016/bs.adgen.2025.02.003 · Cited by 1
Hypothalamic control of energy homeostasis
Singhal, N. S., & Ahima, R. S. (2008) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511541643.004 · Cited by 1
Al‐Najim, W., le Roux, C. W., & Docherty, N. G. (2018) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2017.12.003 · Cited by 1
“Central administration of AgRP in rodents stimulates food intake and reduces energy expenditure [33,34].”
Melanocortinas y su participación en el desarrollo de la obesidad
López-Alonso, V. E., Díaz‐Urbina, D., Escartín-Pérez, R. E., & Díaz, J. M. M. (2022) · Revista Mexicana de Trastornos Alimentarios/Mexican Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.22201/fesi.20071523e.2020.4.643 · Cited by 1
“…en modelos animales La α-MSH (agonista endógeno de los rMC3 y de los rMC4) tiene un efecto inhibitorio sobre la ingesta de alimento y el almacenamiento de energía, en contraste la AgRP, antagonista endógeno de los rMC3/ rMC4 promueve la ingesta de alimento (Abbott et al., 2000; Rossi et al., 1998).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Rossi, M., Kim, M. S., Morgan, D. G. A., Small, C. J., Edwards, C. M. B., Sunter, D., Abusnana, S., Goldstone, A. P., Russell, S. H., Stanley, S. A., Smith, D. M., Yagaloff, K., Ghatei, M. A., & Bloom, S. R.
- Affiliations
- Hammersmith Hospital (GB)
- Venue
- Endocrinology
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 1998-10
- Volume
- 139
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 4428-4431
- ISSN
- 0013-7227 (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7170
- OpenAlex
- W2171010063
- Cited by
- 576
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 11.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Keywords
- agouti-related protein, C-terminal fragment, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, melanocortin 3 receptor, melanocortin-4 receptor, dietary intake, hyperphagia, SHU9119, obesity, hypothalamus, cAMP signaling, intracerebroventricular administration
- MeSH terms
- alpha-MSH, Animals, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Eating, Injections, Intraventricular, Male, Peptide Fragments, Proteins, Rats, Wistar, Receptors, Corticotropin, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 3, Rats, Agouti Signaling Protein, Agouti-Related Protein
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