Concentrations of seven iodothyronine metabolites in brain regions and the liver of the adult rat
Abstract
The concentrations of the iodothyronine metabolites T(4), T(3), 3,5-diiodothyronine (3,5-T(2)), 3,3'-diiodothyronine (3,3'-T(2)), reverse T(3) (rT(3)), 3,3'-T(2) sulfate (3,3'T(2)S), and T(3) sulfate (T(3)S) were measured in 12 regions of the brain, the pituitary gland, and liver in adult male rats. Quantification of iodothyronine was performed by RIA following a newly developed method of purification and separation by HPLC. 3,5-T(2), 3,3'-T(2), rT(3) and T(2)S were detectable in the low femtomolar range (20-200 fmol/g) in most areas of the rat brain. T(3)S was detectable only in the hypothalamus. The concentrations of T(3) and T(4) were approximately 20- to 60-fold higher, ranging between 1 and 6 pmol/g. There was a significant negative correlation between the activities of inner-ring deiodinase and T(3) concentrations across brain areas. In the liver, 3,5-T(2), rT(3), and T(3)S were measurable in the low femtomolar range, whereas 3,3'-T(2) and 3,3'T(2)S were not detectable. 3,5-T(2) and 3,3'-T(2) were not detectable in mitochondrial fractions of the brain regions. Tissue concentrations of 3,5-T(2) exhibited a circadian variation closely parallel to those of T(3) in the brain regions and liver. T(3) was not a substrate for outer-ring deiodination under different experimental conditions; thus, it remains unclear which substrate(s) and enzyme(s) are involved in the production of 3,5-T(2). These results indicate that five iodothyronine metabolites other than T(3) and T(4) are d…
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Reported serum concentrations for 3,3′-T2 covered a very narrow concentration range between 36 and 68 pM.
“Reported serum concentrations covered a very narrow concentration range between 36 and 68 pM for 3,3′-T2 (see Table 1) (23–29, 32–34).”
From 3,5-T2—A Janus-Faced Thyroid Hormone Metabolite Exerts Both Canonical T3-Mimetic Endocrine and Intracrine Hepatic Action (2020) · cites this paper as [29]
Tissue levels of 3,5-T2, for example in the rat brain, were much higher than expected from serum concentrations and reached values in the range of those of T4 and T3.
“Of interest was the observation that tissue levels of 3,5-T2, for example in the rat brain, were much higher than expected from serum concentrations and reached values in the range of those of T4 and T3, as clearly shown by Pinna et al. (29)”
From 3,5-T2—A Janus-Faced Thyroid Hormone Metabolite Exerts Both Canonical T3-Mimetic Endocrine and Intracrine Hepatic Action (2020) · cites this paper as [29]
Pinna et al. determined 3,5-T2 concentrations in rat brains based on immunoassay under careful methodological precautions.
“Pinna et al. (29) determined 3,5-T2 concentrations based on immunoassay under careful methodological precautions in rat brains”
From 3,5-T2—A Janus-Faced Thyroid Hormone Metabolite Exerts Both Canonical T3-Mimetic Endocrine and Intracrine Hepatic Action (2020) · cites this paper as [29]
3,5-T2 concentrations were low in hypothalamus and pituitary in rat brains.
“but were low in hypothalamus and pituitary”
From 3,5-T2—A Janus-Faced Thyroid Hormone Metabolite Exerts Both Canonical T3-Mimetic Endocrine and Intracrine Hepatic Action (2020) · cites this paper as [29]
3,5-T2 concentrations differed among brain regions in rat brains.
“which differed among brain regions”
From 3,5-T2—A Janus-Faced Thyroid Hormone Metabolite Exerts Both Canonical T3-Mimetic Endocrine and Intracrine Hepatic Action (2020) · cites this paper as [29]
Pinna et al. found quite high 3,5-T2 concentrations in rat brains.
“found quite high 3,5-T2 concentrations”
From 3,5-T2—A Janus-Faced Thyroid Hormone Metabolite Exerts Both Canonical T3-Mimetic Endocrine and Intracrine Hepatic Action (2020) · cites this paper as [29]
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Jonklaas, J., Bianco, A. C., Bauer, A. J., Burman, K. D., Cappola, A. R., Celi, F. S., Cooper, D. S., Kim, B. W., Peeters, R. P., Rosenthal, M. S., et al. (2014) · Thyroid® · doi:10.1089/thy.2014.0028 · Cited by 1,928 · see citing works
Effects of hyper- and hypothyroidism on thyroid hormone concentrations in regions of the rat brain
Broedel, O., Eravci, M., Fuxius, S., Smolarz, T., Jeitner, A., Grau, H., Stoltenburg-Didinger, G., Plueckhan, H., Meinhold, H., & Baumgartner, A. (2003) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00043.2003 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationKöhrle, J., Lehmphul, I., Pietzner, M., Renko, K., Rijntjes, E., Richards, K., Anselmo, J., Danielsen, M., & Jonklaas, J. (2020) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00787 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
- Authors
- Pinna, G., Brödel, O., Visser, T., Jeitner, A., Grau, H., Eravci, M., Meinhold, H., & Baumgartner, A.
- Affiliations
- Freie Universität Berlin (DE)
- Erasmus MC (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Baumgartner, Andreas
- Venue
- Endocrinology
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2002-05
- Volume
- 143
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1789-1800
- ISSN
- 0013-7227 (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7170
- OpenAlex
- W2115398974
- Cited by
- 59
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 2.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
- Keywords
- triiodothyronine, thyroxine, 3,5-diiodothyronine, 3,3'-diiodothyronine, reverse T3, brain, liver, pituitary gland, hypothalamus, outer ring deiodination, circadian variation, tissue distribution, rats
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain Chemistry, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Circadian Rhythm, Iodide Peroxidase, Liver, Male, Mitochondria, Pituitary Gland, Radioimmunoassay, Recombinant Proteins, Subcellular Fractions, Thyroid Hormones, Thyroxine, Tissue Distribution, Triiodothyronine, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Rats
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