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Cited by 3,687

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 33 of the 33 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor: Basic Science and Clinical Progress

Open access
Ferrara, Napoleone·2004·Endocrine Reviews

Abstract

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an endothelial cell-specific mitogen in vitro and an angiogenic inducer in a variety of in vivo models.Hypoxia has been shown to be a major inducer of VEGF gene transcription.The tyrosine kinases Flt-1 (VEGFR-1) and Flk-1/KDR (VEGFR-2) are highaffinity VEGF receptors.The role of VEGF in developmental angiogenesis is emphasized by the finding that loss of a single VEGF allele results in defective vascularization and early embryonic lethality.VEGF is critical also for reproductive and bone angiogenesis.Substantial evidence also implicates VEGF as a mediator of pathological angiogenesis.In situ hybridization studies demonstrate expression of VEGF mRNA in the majority of human tumors.Anti-VEGF monoclonal antibodies and other VEGF inhibitors block the growth of several tumor cell lines in nude mice.Clinical trials with various VEGF inhibitors in a variety of malignancies are ongoing.Very recently, an anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody (bevacizumab; Avastin) has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration as a first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer in combination with chemotherapy.Furthermore, VEGF is implicated in intraocular neovascularization associated with diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration.(Endocrine Reviews 25: 581-611, 2004) I. Introduction II.Historical Note on Angiogenic Factors III.Identification of VEGF IV.Activities of VEGF A. Mitogenesis, angiogenesis, and endothelial survival B. Effects of VEGF on bone marrow cells and hematopoiesis C. Enhancement of vascular permeability and hemodynamic effects V. VEGF Isoforms VI.Regulation of VEGF Gene Expression A. Oxygen tension B. Growth factors, hormones, and oncogenes VII.VEGFRs A. VEGFR-1 (Flt-1) B. VEGFR-2 (KDR, human; Flk-1, mouse) C. Neuropilin (NP)1 and NP2 VIII.Role of VEGF in Physiological Angiogenesis A. Embryonic and postnatal development B. Skeletal growth and endochondral bone formation C. Angiogenesis in endocrine glands IX.Role of VEGF in Pathological Conditions A. Solid tumors B. Hematological malignancies C. Intraocular neovascular syndromes D. Inflammatory disorders and brain edema

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Metadata

Authors
Ferrara, N.
Venue
Endocrine Reviews
Published
2004-08-01
Volume
25
Issue
4
Pages
581-611
ISSN
  • 0163-769X (ISSN-L)
  • 1945-7189
OpenAlex
W2077129920
Cited by
3,687
References
33
FWCI
54.23
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze

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Ferrara, N. (2004). Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor: Basic Science and Clinical Progress. Endocrine Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2003-0027

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