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Correlates of Low Testosterone and Symptomatic Androgen Deficiency in a Population-Based Sample

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Hall, Susan A., Esche, Gretchen R., Araujo, Andre B., Travison, Thomas G., Clark, Richard V., Williams, Rachel E., McKinlay, John B.·2008·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

DOI 10.1210/jc.2008-0021PMC PMC2579652

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Abstract

CONTEXT: Risk factors for low testosterone and symptomatic androgen deficiency (AD) may be modifiable. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to examine demographic, anthropometric, and medical correlates of low testosterone and symptomatic AD. DESIGN: Data were used from the Boston Area Community Health Survey, an epidemiological study conducted from 2002-2005. SETTING: Data were obtained from a community-based random sample of racially and ethnically diverse men. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: Data were available for 1822 men. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations of covariates with 1) low testosterone and 2) symptomatic AD. The operational definition of low testosterone was serum total testosterone less than 300 ng/dl and free testosterone less than 5 ng/dl; symptomatic AD was defined as the additional presence of symptoms: any of low libido, erectile dysfunction, or osteoporosis or two or more of sleep disturbance, depressed mood, lethargy, or diminished physical performance. RESULTS: Factors associated with low testosterone included age (OR = 1.36; 95% CI= 1.11-1.66, per decade), low per-capita income ($6000 or less per household member vs. more than $30,000; OR = 2.86; 95% CI = 1.39-5.87), and waist circumference (per 10-cm increase; OR = 1.75; 95% CI = 1.45-2.12). Only age (OR = 1.36; 95% CI = 1.04-1.77), waist circumference (OR = 1.88; 95% CI = 1.44-2.47), and health status (OR = 0.21; 95% CI = 0.05-0.92, excellent vs. fair/poor) were associated with our construct of symptomatic AD. Of all variables, waist circumference was the most important contributor in both models. CONCLUSIONS: Waist circumference is a potentially modifiable risk factor for low testosterone and symptomatic AD. Manifestation of symptoms may be a consequence of generally poor health status.

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Authors: Hall, S. A., Esche, G. R., Araujo, A. B., Travison, T. G., Clark, R. V., Williams, R. E., & McKinlay, J. B.
Affiliations: New England Research Institutes (US)
New England Research Institutes (S.A.H., G.R.E., A.B.A., T.G.T., J.B.M.), Watertown, Massachusetts 02474
GlaxoSmithKline (United States) (US)
Corresponding author: Hall, Susan A.
ORCID: Hall, Susan A.
Travison, Thomas G.
Clark, Richard V.
Venue: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
Publisher: The Endocrine Society
Published: 2008-10-01
Volume: 93
Issue: 10
Pages: 3870-3877
ISSN: 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
1945-7197
DOI: 10.1210/jc.2008-0021
PMC: PMC2579652
OpenAlex: W2163966418
Cited by: 167
References: 38
Citations by year: 2025: 7 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 10
FWCI: 5.81
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: GlaxoSmithKline
New England Research Institutes
National Institute on Aging (R01AG020727)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK56842, U01DK056842, R01DK056842)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Sperm and Testicular Function
Keywords: androgen deficiency, waist circumference, risk factors, per capita income, age, health status, free testosterone, serum total testosterone, erectile dysfunction, low libido, community-dwelling men
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Androgens, Body Composition, Cross-Sectional Studies, Demography, Endocrine System Diseases, Female, Humans, Life Style, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Theoretical, Risk Factors, Testosterone, Comorbidity, Multivariate Analysis, Waist-Hip Ratio

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Correlates of Low Testosterone and Symptomatic Androgen Deficiency in a Population-Based Sample

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