The DOI matches its Crossref record; 15 of the 17 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Association of Serum TSH with High Body Mass Differs between Smokers and Never-Smokers
Abstract
CONTEXT: Recent studies have suggested that the association of low thyroid function with high body mass is restricted to nonsmokers. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to study the association of thyroid function with body mass separately for smokers and never-smokers. DESIGN AND SETTING: We conducted a cross-sectional, population-based study. SUBJECTS: We studied 27,097 individuals older than 40 yr of age who were without previously known thyroid disease. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We measured mean body mass index (BMI) and odds ratio for obesity (BMI > or = 30.0 kg/m(2)) according to categories of thyroid function, in women and men, and separately for current smokers and never-smokers. We also studied the association with BMI within the reference range of TSH (0.50-3.5 mU/liter). RESULTS: TSH within the reference range was positively associated with BMI (P for trend < or = 0.001 in all groups) and with the prevalence of obesity (P for trend < 0.005 in all groups). Among women, the association did not differ between current smokers and never-smokers, but in men the association was stronger for current smokers. Hypothyroid function was associated with higher BMI and higher prevalence of obesity in women (subclinical and overt hypothyroidism) and men (subclinical hypothyroidism), both in current smokers and in never-smokers. CONCLUSION: The association of low thyroid function with high body mass was as least as strong in current smokers as in never-smokers, and our results clearly show that the association is not limited to nonsmokers, as previously suggested.
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In the citing paper
“Higher TSH levels were associated with increased BMI [65, 66], and in longitudinal studies, individuals with rising TSH levels over time exhibited greater weight gain [67, 68].”
From Age-related variation in thyroid function – a narrative review highlighting important implications for research and clinical practice (2023) · cites this paper as [66]
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, a multitude of physiological and pathophysiological influences modulates the relationship between TSH and thyroid hormones at various sites of action, thereby influencing the location of the set point in health and disease (Table 2) (8, 9, 76, 91–111).”
From Homeostatic control of the thyroid-pituitary axis: perspectives for diagnosis and treatment (2015) · cites this paper as [96]
Citations
Cites
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Self-citationBjøro, T., Holmen, J., Krüger, Ø., Midthjell, K., Hunstad, K., Schreiner, T., Sandnes, L., & Brochmann, H. (2000) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje.0.1430639 · Cited by 463
Self-citationRazvi, S., Ingoe, L., Keeka, G., Oates, C., McMillan, C., & Weaver, J. U. (2007) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2006-1869 · Cited by 389
Fox, C. S. (2008) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.168.6.587 · Cited by 303
Serum TSH is positively associated with BMI
Nyrnes, A., Jorde, R., & Sundsfjord, J. (2005) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803112 · Cited by 274
Hyperthyrotropinemia in Obese Children Is Reversible after Weight Loss and Is Not Related to Lipids
Reinehr, T., de Sousa, G., & Andler, W. (2006) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2006-0095 · Cited by 235
Al-Adsani, H. (1997) · Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.82.4.1118 · Cited by 193
Changes in Lipoprotein(a) Levels in Overt and Subclinical Hypothyroidism Before and During Treatment
Tzotzas, T., Krassas, G. E., Κωνσταντινίδης, Θ. Κ., & Bougoulia, M. (2000) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/thy.2000.10.803 · Cited by 150
Weight gain following treatment of hyperthyroidism
Dale, J., Daykin, J., Holder, R. L., Sheppard, M. C., & Franklyn, J. A. (2001) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.2001.01329.x · Cited by 136
Research works printed but not linked: 1
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Jonklaas, J., Bianco, A. C., Bauer, A. J., Burman, K. D., Cappola, A. R., Celi, F. S., Cooper, D. S., Kim, B. W., Peeters, R. P., Rosenthal, M. S., et al. (2014) · Thyroid® · doi:10.1089/thy.2014.0028 · Cited by 1,928
2013 ETA Guideline: Management of Subclinical Hypothyroidism
Pearce, S. H. S., Brabant, G., Duntas, L. H., Monzani, F., Peeters, R. P., Razvi, S., & Wemeau, J.-L. (2013) · European Thyroid Journal · doi:10.1159/000356507 · Cited by 877
Wiersinga, W. M. (2013) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.12222 · Cited by 389
Thyroid and Obesity: An Intriguing Relationship
Biondi, B. (2010) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2010-1245 · Cited by 339
Updates on obesity and the obesity paradox in cardiovascular diseases
Tutor, A. W., Lavie, C. J., Kachur, S. M., Milani, R. V., & Ventura, H. O. (2022) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2022.11.013 · Cited by 326
Metadata
- Authors
- Åsvold, B. O., Bjøro, T., & Vatten, L. J.
- Affiliations
- Department of Public Health (B.O.A., L.J.V.), Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7489 Trondheim, Norway
- Oslo University Hospital (NO)
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NO)
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2009-12-01
- Volume
- 94
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 5023-5027
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W1994389312
- Cited by
- 149
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 3.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCLA - Biblioteca de Ciencias de la Salud (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Keywords
- thyroid-stimulating hormone, body mass index, obesity, smoking, subclinical hypothyroidism, overt hypothyroidism, sex differences, older adults
- MeSH terms
- Body Weight, Female, Humans, Hypothyroidism, Male, Norway, Obesity, Smoking, Thyroid Function Tests, Thyrotropin, Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine, Body Mass Index, Young Adult
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