Relations of Thyroid Function to Body Weight<subtitle>Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Observations in a Community-Based Sample</subtitle>
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Overt hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism may be associated with weight gain and loss. We assessed whether variations in thyroid function within the reference (physiologic) range are associated with body weight. METHODS: Framingham Offspring Study participants (n=2407) who attended 2 consecutive routine examinations, were not receiving thyroid hormone therapy, and had baseline serum thyrotropin (TSH) concentrations of 0.5 to 5.0 mIU/L and follow-up concentrations of 0.5 to 10.0 mIU/L were included in this study. Baseline TSH concentrations were related to body weight and body weight change during 3.5 years of follow-up. RESULTS: At baseline, adjusted mean weight increased progressively from 64.5 to 70.2 kg in the lowest to highest TSH concentration quartiles in women (P< .001 for trend), and from 82.8 (lowest quartile) to 85.6 kg (highest quartile) in men (P= .007 for trend). During 3.5 years of follow-up, mean (SD) body weight increased by 1.5 (5.6) kg in women and 1.0 (5.0) kg in men. Baseline TSH concentrations were not associated with weight change during follow-up. However, an increase in TSH concentration at follow-up was positively associated with weight gain in women (0.5-2.3 kg across increasing quartiles of TSH concentration change; P< .001 for trend) and men (0.4-1.3 kg across quartiles of TSH concentration change; P= .007 for trend). CONCLUSIONS: Thyroid function (as assessed by serum TSH concentration) within the reference range is associated with body weight in both sexes. Our findings raise the possibility that modest increases in serum TSH concentrations within the reference range may be associated with weight gain.
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Higher TSH levels were associated with increased BMI, and in longitudinal studies, individuals with rising TSH levels over time exhibited greater weight gain.
“Higher TSH levels were associated with increased BMI [65, 66], and in longitudinal studies, individuals with rising TSH levels over time exhibited greater weight gain [67, 68].”
From Age-related variation in thyroid function – a narrative review highlighting important implications for research and clinical practice (2023) · cites this paper as [67]
Thyroid hormones are major energy expenditure hormones.
“Thus, thyroid hormones are major energy expenditure hormones.”
From Interaction of the endocrine system with inflammation: a function of energy and volume regulation (2014) · cites this paper as [63]
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- Authors
- Fox, C. S.
- Affiliations
- Framingham Heart Study (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fox, Caroline S.
- ORCID
- Fox, Caroline S.
- Venue
- Archives of Internal Medicine
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2008-03-24
- Volume
- 168
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 587
- ISSN
- 0003-9926 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2015868370
- Cited by
- 303
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 7.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (n01hc25195-41-0-1)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (2K24 HL 04334, N01‐HC25195, K24HL004334)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (5K23 DK64611, K23DK064611)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Keywords
- thyroid function, body weight, serum thyrotropin, TSH reference range, weight gain, weight change, sex differences, subclinical thyroid dysfunction, Framingham Offspring Study
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Reference Values, Thyroid Gland, Thyrotropin, Weight Gain, Weight Loss
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