Epidemiology of menarche and menstrual disturbances in an unselected group of women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus compared to controls
Abstract
To describe the age at menarche and the prevalence of menstrual disturbances in an unselected group of women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus compared to controls, we identified all women having debut of diabetes mellitus before the age of 30 yr and living in the County of Funen, Denmark on July 1, 1987 and being between 18 and 49 yr old. The women received a structured questionnaire inquiring information concerning menstrual conditions. An age comparable group of nondiabetic women was used as controls; 245 (94%) diabetic women and 253 (88%) controls answered the questionnaire. Among women with debut of diabetes before the age of 10 yr, the age at menarche was delayed 1 yr when comparing to controls (P less than 0.0001). During the past 6 months before answering the questionnaire, 8.2% of the diabetic women and 2.8% of the controls had experienced episodes of secondary amenorrhea (P less than 0.01). Corresponding figures for oligomenorrhea were 10.6% and 4.8% (P less than 0.02), for polymenorrhea 7.3% and 5.2% (NS), and for all types of menstrual disturbances 21.6% and 10.8%, respectively (P less than 0.005). Episodes of secondary amenorrhea occurring more than 6 months before answering the questionnaire had been experienced by 10.7% of the diabetic population vs. 4.8% of the controls (P less than 0.05); corresponding figures for primary amenorrhea were 4.9% and 1.2%, respectively (P less than 0.05). We conclude that the age at menarche among women having developed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus before the age of 10 yr was delayed by 1 yr when compared to controls. The overall prevalence of menstrual disturbances is increased in diabetic women compared to nondiabetic controls.
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Type 1 diabetes has been observed to have a higher prevalence (7%-25%) in those with PCOS, and in those with menstrual and reproductive dysfunction, and this has been associated with hyperandrogenemia.
“Type 1 diabetes has been observed to have a higher prevalence (7%-25%) in those with PCOS, and in those with menstrual and reproductive dysfunction, and this has been associated with hyperandrogenemia.110, 111, 112, 113, 114”
From Increased Prevalence of Adverse Health Outcomes Across the Lifespan in Those Affected by Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Canadian Population Cohort (2024) · cites this paper as [112]
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- Authors
- Kjaer, K.
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 1992-08-01
- Volume
- 75
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 524-529
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2049033332
- Cited by
- 131
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 1.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Menstrual Health and Disorders
- Keywords
- type 1 diabetes, age at menarche, menstrual irregularity, secondary amenorrhea, primary amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, polymenorrhea, early-onset diabetes, women
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Amenorrhea, Denmark, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Female, Humans, Menarche, Menstruation Disturbances, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Reference Values, Prevalence
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