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Cited by 116Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormonesHormonal and reproductive studiesPituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments

Short- and Long-Term Effects of Clomiphene Citrate on the Pituitary-Testicular Axis

SANTEN, R. J., LEONARD, J. M., SHERINS, R. J., GANDY, H. M., PAULSEN, C. A.·1971·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
DOI 10.1210/jcem-33-6-970
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Abstract

Clomiphene citrate, administered to normal adult men, stimulates pituitary gonadotrophin secretion. It is useful in evaluating gonadotrophin reserve in hypogonadal patients with suspected hypothalamic-pituitary disease. Eight normal men received 100 mg of clomiphene daily for either 7 or 51 days during which time serum FSH, LH, and testosterone levels were measured. Mean serum FSH and LH titers increased 42% and 120% respectively, after seven days of clomiphene. Increase in serum LH levels ranged from 200–700% during the initial 21 days of clomiphene administration but then plateaued. Serum FSH levels exhibited a similar plateau after 35 days, with maximum titers 70–360% over control. The range in serum testosterone increments after 7 and 51 days of clomiphene administration was similar to that observed in serum gonadotrophin levels. The effect of clomiphene on gonadotrophin reserve was compared in twelve patients with hypogonadotrophic eunuchoidism, pituitary tumor, or “fertile eunuch” syndrome. The range of values for basal level of FSH in all patients, and LH in one patient, overlapped that for normal men. No patient with hypogonadotrophic eunuchoidism or “fertile eunuch” syndrome exhibited significant increments in serum FSH or LH levels, even after prolonged clomiphene administration. Similar to the response observed by others in prepubertal subjects, a paradoxical fall in serum FSH and LH occurred in all patients with hypogonadotrophic eunuchoidism in whom gonadotrophins were detectable. Therapeutic induction of sexual maturation did not alter this response to clomiphene. Serum LH or FSH did not significantly increase in four of five patients with pituitary tumor. In the fifth patient, a blunted increase in serum LH (26%) but not FSH was observed. Although histologic evaluation of germinal cell maturation revealed the effects of biologically active FSH in two patients with the “fertile eunuch” syndrome, FSH secretory reserve was diminished. Clomiphene stimulation is of value in discriminating normal subjects from patients with insufficiency of gonadotrophin reserve.

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Crossref · 10.1210/jcem-33-6-970

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  • SERMs and AIs require residual hypothalamic-pituitary responsiveness for their action.

    “SERMs and AIs require residual hypothalamic-pituitary responsiveness for their action and they are therefore ineffective in classical hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism.106”

    From Hypogonadism and male obesity: Focus on unresolved questions (2018) · cites this paper as [106]

  • SERMs and AIs are ineffective in classical hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism.

    “SERMs and AIs require residual hypothalamic-pituitary responsiveness for their action and they are therefore ineffective in classical hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism.106”

    From Hypogonadism and male obesity: Focus on unresolved questions (2018) · cites this paper as [106]

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Authors
SANTEN, R. J., LEONARD, J. M., SHERINS, R. J., GANDY, H. M., & PAULSEN, C. A.
Affiliations
University of Washington (US)
Venue
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
Publisher
The Endocrine Society
Published
1971-12
Volume
33
Issue
6
Pages
970-979
ISSN
  • 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
  • 1945-7197
DOI
10.1210/jcem-33-6-970
OpenAlex
W2083103412
Cited by
116
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1
FWCI
10.19
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Institutes of Health
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments
Keywords
clomiphene citrate, pituitary-testicular axis, gonadotropin secretion, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, eunuchoidism, pituitary tumors, sexual maturation
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Citrates, Clomiphene, Eunuchism, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Gonadotropins, Pituitary, Humans, Hypogonadism, Hypopituitarism, Luteinizing Hormone, Male, Middle Aged, Pituitary Gland, Pituitary Neoplasms, Radioimmunoassay, Testis, Testosterone

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