The DOI matches its Crossref record; 44 of the 44 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Postmenopausal hypertrophy of neurons expressing the estrogen receptor gene in the human hypothalamus
Abstract
Computer microscopy and in situ hybridization were used to investigate neuronal hypertrophy in the infundibular nucleus of postmenopausal women. In the first experiment, hypothalami from premenopausal (n = 3) and postmenopausal (n = 3) women were formalin fixed, paraffin embedded, serially sectioned, and stained with cresyl violet. Soma areas of more than 3500 neurons were digitized using an image-combining computer microscope. The mean cross-sectional area of infundibular neurons in the postmenopausal women was 30% greater than that in premenopausal women, with no change in cell density. The mean cross-sectional area of mammillary neurons was unchanged, indicating that the infundibular neuronal hypertrophy was not an artifact of tissue processing. In the second experiment, hypothalami from premenopausal (n = 3) and postmenopausal (n = 2) women were frozen, serially sectioned, and incubated with a 48-base synthetic cDNA probe complementary to estrogen receptor (ER) mRNA. Adjacent sections were incubated with a cDNA probe complementary to GnRH mRNA. Morphometric analysis revealed that the mean cross-sectional area of infundibular neurons expressing the ER gene in the postmenopausal women was twice as large as the mean area in premenopausal hypothalami. The hypertrophied neurons did not contain GnRH mRNA. Finally, analysis of the infundibular nucleus from an oophorectomized 38-yr-old woman also revealed hypertrophied neurons containing ER mRNA. These data support the hypothesis that hypertrophy of infundibular neurons in postmenopausal women is secondary to loss of the inhibitory feedback of ovarian steroids.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Morphologic studies of postmortem hypothalamic tissues from premenopausal and postmenopausal women have shown hypertrophy of a subpopulation of neurons in the infundibular (arcuate) nucleus of the postmenopausal group (Rance et al., 1990; Sheehan and Kovács, 1966).”
From Modulation of body temperature and LH secretion by hypothalamic KNDy (kisspeptin, neurokinin B and dynorphin) neurons: A novel hypothesis on the mechanism of hot flushes (2013) · cites this paper as Rance et al., 1990
In the citing paper
“These neurons express estrogen receptor, kisspeptin and neurokinin B (NKB) and the cellular hypertrophy is accompanied by increased neurokinin B and kisspeptin gene expression (Fig. 1) (Rance et al., 1990; Rance and Young, 1991; Rometo et al., 2007).”
From Modulation of body temperature and LH secretion by hypothalamic KNDy (kisspeptin, neurokinin B and dynorphin) neurons: A novel hypothesis on the mechanism of hot flushes (2013) · cites this paper as Rance et al., 1990
In the citing paper
“These neurons express estrogen receptor, kisspeptin and neurokinin B (NKB) and the cellular hypertrophy is accompanied by increased neurokinin B and kisspeptin gene expression (Fig. 1) (Rance et al., 1990; Rance and Young, 1991; Rometo et al., 2007).”
From Modulation of body temperature and LH secretion by hypothalamic KNDy (kisspeptin, neurokinin B and dynorphin) neurons: A novel hypothesis on the mechanism of hot flushes (2013) · cites this paper as Rance et al., 1990
Citations
Cites
(1980) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-92-3-460_4 · Cited by 4,593
Sequence and Expression of Human Estrogen Receptor Complementary DNA
Greene, G. L., Gilna, P., Waterfield, M. D., BAKER, A. J., Hort, Y., & Shine, J. (1986) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3753802 · Cited by 1,311
The Neuroendocrine Control of the Menstrual Cycle
Knobil, E. (1980) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-571136-4.50008-5 · Cited by 1,285
A SMALL PARTICULATE COMPONENT OF THE CYTOPLASM
Palade, G. E. (1955) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.1.1.59 · Cited by 1,014
Mesencephalic dopamine neurons regulate the expression of neuropeptide mRNAs in the rat forebrain.
Young, W. S., Bonner, T. I., & Brann, M. R. (1986) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.83.24.9827 · Cited by 748
Self-citationCloning of the human estrogen receptor cDNA.
Walter, P., Green, S., Greene, G. L., Krust, A., Bornert, J., Jeltsch, J., Staub, A., Jensen, E. Ø., Scrace, G., & Waterfield, M. D. (1985) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.82.23.7889 · Cited by 731
Absence of oestradiol concentration in cell nuclei of LHRH-immunoreactive neurones
Shivers, B. D., Harlan, R. E., Morrell, J. I., & Pfaff, D. W. (1983) · Nature · doi:10.1038/304345a0 · Cited by 531
QUANTITATIVE MORPHOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF THE FOLLICULAR SYSTEM IN WOMEN
Block, E. (2008) · Acta Anatomica · doi:10.1159/000140595 · Cited by 518
Krey, L. C., Butler, W. R., & Knobil, E. (1975) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-96-5-1073 · Cited by 473
Characterization of cDNA for precursor of human luteinizing hormone releasing hormone
Seeburg, P. H., & Adelman, J. P. (1984) · Nature · doi:10.1038/311666a0 · Cited by 441
The Hypothalamic Control of the Menstrual Cycle and the Role of Endogenous Opioid Peptides
Ferin, M., Vugt, D. V., & Wardlaw, S. L. (1984) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-571140-1.50015-3 · Cited by 311
Ovarian and Steroidal Influences on Neuroendocrine Aging Processes in Female Rodents*
Finch, C. E., FELICIO, L. S., Mobbs, C. V., & Nelson, J. F. (1984) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv-5-4-467 · Cited by 308
NAKAI, Y., PLANT, T. M., HESS, D. L., KEOGH, E. J., & KNOBIL, E. (1978) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-102-4-1008 · Cited by 279
Hormonal profiles after the menopause.
Chakravarti, S., Collins, W. P., Forecast, J. D., Newton, R., Oram, D. H., & Studd, J. W. W. (1976) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.2.6039.784 · Cited by 273
Extensive postmortem stability of RNA from rat and human brain
Johnson, S. A., Morgan, D. G., & Finch, C. E. (1986) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.490160123 · Cited by 224
Steroid Hormones: Humoral Signals Which Alter Brain Cell Properties and Functions
McEwen, B. S., Biegon, A. R., Davis, P. G., Krey, L. C., Luine, V. N., McGinnis, M. Y., Paden, C. M., Parsons, B., & Rainbow, T. C. (1982) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-571138-8.50007-x · Cited by 178
Baird, D. T., & Guevara, A. P. (1969) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-29-2-149 · Cited by 176
Karsch, F. J. (1987) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev.ph.49.030187.002053 · Cited by 170
Pfaff, D. W., Gerlach, J. L., McEwen, B. S., Ferin, M., Carmel, P. W., & Zimmerman, E. A. (1976) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.901700302 · Cited by 166
LHRH neurons and their projections in humans and other mammals: Species comparisons
King, J. C., & Anthony, E. L. P. (1984) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/0196-9781(84)90277-8 · Cited by 151
ENDOCRINE CHANGES AND SYMPTOMATOLOGY AFTER OOPHORECTOMY IN PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN
Chakravarti, S., Collins, W. P., Newton, R., Oram, D. H., & Studd, J. W. W. (1977) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1977.tb12491.x · Cited by 139
Male and Female Forms of Human Follicle-Stimulating Hormone in Serum*
WIDE, L. E. (1982) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-55-4-682 · Cited by 91
The role of the arcuate nucleus in the brain‐pituitary‐gonad axis
Brawer, J. R. (1971) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.901430403 · Cited by 89
Kesner, J. S., Wilson, R. C., Kaufman, J., Hotchkiss, J., Chen, Y., Yamamoto, H., Pardo, R. R., & Knobil, E. (1987) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.84.23.8745 · Cited by 88
Glaser, E. M., Tagamets, M. A., McMullen, N. T., & der Loos, H. V. (1983) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/0165-0270(83)90048-1 · Cited by 75
Self-citationEffect of estrogen and progestin treatments on endometria from postmenopausal women.
King, R. J. B., Whitehead, M., Campbell, S. C., & Minardi, J. (1979) · PubMed · Cited by 72
Transformations of hypothalamic arcuate neurons
King, J. C., Williams, T., & Gerall, A. A. (1974) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/bf00231543 · Cited by 66
Ferin, M., Carmel, P. W., Zimmerman, E. A., Warren, M. P., PEREZ, R., & Wiele, R. L. V. (1974) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-95-4-1059 · Cited by 64
The effect of ovariectomy on gonadotropin release
Yen, S. S. C., & TSAI, C. C. (1971) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci106587 · Cited by 64
Serum Gonadotropin Responses to Estrogen and Progestogen in Recently Castrated Human Females
Wallach, E. E., Root, A. W., & García, C.-R. (1970) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-31-4-376 · Cited by 56
Characterization and topography of LH-RH neurons in the human brain
Barry, J. G. (1976) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(76)90056-2 · Cited by 54
Monroe, S. E., Jaffe, R. B., & MIDGLEY, A. R. (1972) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-34-2-420 · Cited by 49
THE SUBVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS OF THE HUMAN HYPOTHALAMUS
Sheehan, H. L., & Kovács, K. (1966) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/89.3.589 · Cited by 47
Estradiol: Evidence for its Direct Effect on Hypothalamic Neurons
Lisk, R. D., & Newlon, M. (1963) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.139.3551.223 · Cited by 46
READER, S. C. J., Robertson, W. R., & Diczfalusy, E. (1983) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1983.tb00009.x · Cited by 42
Parker, C. R., & Porter, J. C. (1984) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-58-3-488 · Cited by 39
Léránth, C., Sakamoto, H., MacLusky, N. J., Shanabrough, M., & Naftolin, F. N. (1985) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(85)91567-7 · Cited by 39
Price, M. T., Olney, J. W., & Cicero, T. J. (1976) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/bf00224653 · Cited by 30
Variations in the subventricular nucleus
Sheehan, H. L. (1967) · The Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology · doi:10.1002/path.1700940222 · Cited by 22
Aging of the hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian axis: Hormonal influences and cellular mechanisms
Nelson, J. F., Bergman, M. D., Karelus, K., & Felicio, L. S. (1987) · Journal of Steroid Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0022-4731(87)90139-7 · Cited by 21
Ule, G., Schwechheimer, K., & Tschahargane, C. (1983) · Archiv für Pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für Klinische Medicin · doi:10.1007/bf00612191 · Cited by 19
Electrophoretic and Gel Chromatographic Analyses of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone in Human Serum
WIDE, L. E. (1981) · Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.3109/03009738109179236 · Cited by 14
Weick, R. F., Pitelka, V., & Thompson, D. L. (1983) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-112-5-1862 · Cited by 11
The Tubero-Infundibular Region in Man
de Rooij, J. A. M., & Hommes, O. R. (1974) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)61900-7 · Cited by 7
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Dynamics of gonadotropin-releasing hormone release during a pulse.
Moenter, S. M., Brand, R. M., MIDGLEY, A. R., & Karsch, F. J. (1992) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.130.1.1727719 · Cited by 1,257
Normal Sexual Dimorphism of the Adult Human Brain Assessed by In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Goldstein, J. M. (2001) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/11.6.490 · Cited by 1,052
Lehman, M. N., Coolen, L. M., & Goodman, R. L. (2010) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2010-0022 · Cited by 768
Kisspeptin neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the ewe express both dynorphin A and neurokinin B
Goodman, R. L., Lehman, M. N., Smith, J. T., Coolen, L. M., de Oliveira, C. V. R., Jafarzadehshirazi, M. R., Pereira, A., Iqbal, J., Caraty, A., Ciofi, P., et al. (2007) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2007-0961 · Cited by 692
What Can We Learn from Rodents about Prolactin in Humans?
Ben‐Jonathan, N., LaPensee, C. R., & LaPensee, E. W. (2007) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2007-0017 · Cited by 527
Metadata
- Authors
- RANCE, N. E., McMULLEN, N. T., SMIALEK, J. E., PRICE, D. L., & YOUNG, W. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 1990-07
- Volume
- 71
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 79-85
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W2041695054
- Cited by
- 148
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 2.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r35ag007914-03, 5t32ns007179-15)
- National Institute on Aging (AG07914)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS10580, NS-07179)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Endocrinology › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
- Keywords
- postmenopause, neuronal hypertrophy, estrogen receptor mRNA, hypothalamus, arcuate nucleus, GnRH mRNA, oophorectomy, neuronal soma size, women
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus, DNA, Feedback, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Histocytochemistry, Humans, Hypertrophy, Hypothalamus, Menopause, Middle Aged, Neurons, Nucleic Acid Hybridization, Receptors, Estrogen, RNA, Messenger
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
