Cited by 541Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsAdipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic DiseasesBody Composition Measurement Techniques

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Body Fat Distribution and Insulin Resistance in Healthy Asian Indians and Caucasians

Raji, Annaswamy, Seely, Ellen W., Arky, Ronald A., Simonson, Donald C.·2001·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

DOI 10.1210/jcem.86.11.7992

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Abstract

Previous studies have shown that Asian Indians (AIs) are insulin resistant and at high risk for developing diabetes and coronary heart disease, compared with Caucasians. To examine whether differences in body fat distribution contribute to this risk, 12 healthy AIs and 12 Caucasians matched for age and body mass index (BMI) underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, 2-h euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp, abdominal (L2-3) computed tomography scan, and fasting lipid and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels. Despite similar fasting plasma glucose levels, AIs exhibited fasting hyperinsulinemia (P = 0.001), higher glucose (P = 0.03) and insulin (P = 0.004) levels during the oral glucose tolerance test, and reduced glucose disposal rate (R(d)) (4.7 +/- 0.4 vs. 7.5 +/- 0.3 mg/kg per min, P < 0.0001) during the clamp. AIs had significantly lower high-density lipoprotein, higher low-density lipoprotein, and significantly higher PAI-1 levels (P = 0.01). Despite similar BMI, AIs had significantly greater total abdominal fat (P = 0.04) and visceral fat (P = 0.04). In all subjects, measures of fat mass were inversely correlated with R(d) during the clamp (r = -0.47 to -0.61, P < 0.01-0.001). Visceral fat mass was correlated with triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein (P < 0.002-0.0001). PAI-1 was inversely correlated with R(d) in AIs (r = -0.70, P < 0.01) and not in Caucasians (r = -0.24, P = 0.44). For comparable BMI and age, healthy AIs have physiologic markers for insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and increased cardiovascular risk, compared with Caucasians. Alterations in body fat distribution--particularly increased visceral fat--may contribute to these abnormalities.

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“In addition, Asian Indians have high incidence of obesity, insulin resistance, and are at high risk for developing diabetes and coronary heart disease ( Raji et al. 2001 ).”
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“[8] Raji S A.”
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Genetic factors in the etiology of type 2 diabetes: linkage analyses, candidate gene association, and genome-wide association and #8211; still a long way to go!
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“These changes are likely of clinical importance, as a reduction in total fat mass enhances insulin sensitivity (Buemann et al., 2005) and reduction in visceral fat mass is associated with a lowered risk of cardiovascular diseases (Bjorntorp, 1988; Raji et al., 2001).”
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Authors: Raji, A., Seely, E. W., Arky, R. A., & Simonson, D. C.
Affiliations: Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
Corresponding author: Raji, Annaswamy
ORCID: Raji, Annaswamy
Seely, Ellen W.
Simonson, Donald C.
Venue: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
Publisher: The Endocrine Society
Published: 2001-11
Volume: 86
Issue: 11
Pages: 5366-5371
ISSN: 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
1945-7197
DOI: 10.1210/jcem.86.11.7992
OpenAlex: W2036168461
Cited by: 541
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 33
FWCI: 6.93
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Center for Research Resources (M01 RR 02635, M01RR002635)
NIH Clinical Center
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
Keywords: insulin resistance, body fat distribution, visceral fat, Asian Indians, Caucasians, ethnic differences, hyperinsulinemia, glucose disposal rate, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, dyslipidemia, abdominal fat, cardiovascular risk, diabetes risk
MeSH terms: Adipose Tissue, Adult, Aged, Blood Glucose, Female, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, India, Insulin Resistance, Lipids, Male, Middle Aged, Reference Values, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Glucose Clamp Technique, Body Mass Index, Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1, White People

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Body Fat Distribution and Insulin Resistance in Healthy Asian Indians and Caucasians

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