Minireview: The Androgen Receptor in Breast Tissues: Growth Inhibitor, Tumor Suppressor, Oncogene?

Molecular portraits of human breast tumours

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Pharmacokinetic drug interactions of the selective androgen receptor modulator GTx-024(Enobosarm) with itraconazole, rifampin, probenecid, celecoxib and rosuvastatin

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Testosterone and Breast Cancer in Transmen: Case Reports, Review of the Literature, and Clinical Observation

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Androgen receptor expression in normal breast tissue and subsequent breast cancer risk

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Androgen receptor splice variant-7 in breast cancer: clinical and pathologic correlations

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A Molecular Analysis Provides Novel Insights into Androgen Receptor Signalling in Breast Cancer

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New Opportunities for Targeting the Androgen Receptor in Prostate CancerPreprint

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Androgens Regulate T47D Cells Motility and Invasion through Actin Cytoskeleton Remodeling

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Expression of androgen receptor and its phosphorylated forms in breast cancer progression

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WOMEN IN CANCER THEMATIC REVIEW: New roles for nuclear receptors in prostate cancer

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Hormone therapy and breast cancer: emerging steroid receptor mechanisms

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The Role of the Androgen Receptor Signaling in Breast Malignancies

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Prohibitin promotes androgen receptor activation in ER-positive breast cancer

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Impaired redox regulation of estrogen metabolizing proteins is important determinant of human breast cancers

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Modulating the Activity of Androgen Receptor for Treating Breast Cancer

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MicroRNAs and Androgen Receptor: Emerging Players in Breast Cancer

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Characterization of Gene Expression Signatures for the Identification of Cellular Heterogeneity in the Developing Mammary Gland

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Androgens downregulate miR-21 expression in breast cancer cells underlining the protective role of androgen receptor

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Age at first childbirth and oral contraceptive use are associated with risk of androgen receptor-negative breast cancer: the Malmö Diet and Cancer Cohort

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Androgen receptor and antiandrogen therapy in male breast cancer

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Differential impact of the expression of the androgen receptor by age in estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer

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Testosterone deficiency syndrome: benefits, risks, and realities associated with testosterone replacement therapy.

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Family Matters: Collaboration and Conflict Among the Steroid Receptors Raises a Need for Group Therapy

Sikora, M. J. (2016) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2016-1778 · Cited by 21

The presence and impact of estrogen metabolism on the biology of triple-negative breast cancer

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Assessing the efficacy of androgen receptor and Sox10 as independent markers of the triple-negative breast cancer subtype by transcriptome profiling

Al‐Zahrani, K. N., Cook, D. P., Vanderhyden, B. C., & Sabourin, L. A. (2018) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.26072 · Cited by 20

AIB1 sequestration by androgen receptor inhibits estrogen-dependent cyclin D1 expression in breast cancer cells

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Hormone receptor expression in aging mammary tissue and carcinoma from a rodent model after xenoestrogen disruption

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The androgen receptor interacts with GATA3 to transcriptionally regulate a luminal epithelial cell phenotype in breast cancer

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Current and New Novel Combination Treatments for Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

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Androgen receptor expression is a favorable prognostic factor in triple-negative breast cancers

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The Other Side of the Coin: May Androgens Have a Role in Breast Cancer Risk?

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Androgen Receptor and Enzymes in Lymph Node Metastasis and Cancer Reoccurrence in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

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Serial [18F]-FDHT-PET to predict bicalutamide efficacy in patients with androgen receptor positive metastatic breast cancer

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Androgen blockade based clinical trials landscape in triple negative breast cancer

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Treatments Targeting the Androgen Receptor and Its Splice Variants in Breast Cancer

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Loss of periostin/OSF-2 in ErbB2/Neu-driven tumors results in androgen receptor-positive molecular apocrine-like tumors with reduced Notch1 activity

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Adult Body Size and Physical Activity in Relation to Risk of Breast Cancer According to Tumor Androgen Receptor Status

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Androgen Receptor Signalling Promotes a Luminal Phenotype in Mammary Epithelial Cells

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Pre-Menopausal Women With Breast Cancers Having High AR/ER Ratios in the Context of Higher Circulating Testosterone Tend to Have Poorer Outcomes

Rajarajan, S., Korlimarla, A., Alexander, A., Anupama, C. E., Ramesh, R. S., Srinath, B. S., Sridhar, T. S., & Prabhu, J. S. (2021) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.679756 · Cited by 17

The role of androgens in experimental rodent mammary carcinogenesis

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Association of multiple genetic variants with breast cancer susceptibility in the Han Chinese population

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Targeted Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

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Hormone-Sensing Mammary Epithelial Progenitors: Emerging Identity and Hormonal Regulation

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Subtype classification for prediction of prognosis of breast cancer from a biomarker panel: correlations and indications

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Androgen receptor/let-7a signaling regulates breast tumor-initiating cells

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Androgen Receptor Is Dispensable for X-Zone Regression in the Female Adrenal but Regulates Post-Partum Corticosterone Levels and Protects Cortex Integrity

Gannon, A., O’Hara, L., Mason, I. J., Jørgensen, A., Frederiksen, H. W., Curley, M. K., Milne, L., Smith, S. E., Mitchell, R. T., & Smith, L. B. (2021) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.599869 · Cited by 15

Antiproliferative effects of anastrozole on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells in vitro are significantly enhanced by combined treatment with testosterone undecanoate

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Combined conjugated esterified estrogen plus methyltestosterone supplementation and risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women

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Ethanolic Extracts from Azadirachta indica Leaves Modulate Transcriptional Levels of Hormone Receptor Variant in Breast Cancer Cell Lines

Braga, D. L., Mota, S. T. S., Zóia, M. A. P., Lima, P. M. A. P., Orsolin, P. C., Vecchi, L., Nepomuceno, J. C., Fürstenau, C. R., Maia, Y. C. D. P., Goulart, L. R., et al. (2018) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms19071879 · Cited by 15

Association of HSD3B1 Genotype and Clinical Outcomes in Postmenopausal Estrogen-Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer

Flanagan, M. R., Doody, D. R., Voutsinas, J. M., Wu, Q. V., Banda, K., Sharifi, N., Li, C. I., & Gadi, V. K. (2022) · Annals of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1245/s10434-022-12088-w · Cited by 15

Beyond Prostate Cancer: An Androgen Receptor Splice Variant Expression in Multiple Malignancies, Non-Cancer Pathologies, and Development

Katleba, K., Ghosh, P., & Mudryj, M. M. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11082215 · Cited by 14

Androgen and androgen-metabolizing enzymes in metastasized lymph nodes of breast cancer

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Phase Two Steroid Metabolism and Its Roles in Breast and Prostate Cancer Patients

McNamara, K. M., Nakamura, Y., Miki, Y., & Sasano, H. (2013) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2013.00116 · Cited by 14

Type 1 Nuclear Receptor Activity in Breast Cancer: Translating Preclinical Insights to the Clinic

Kumar, S. S., Freelander, A., & Lim, E. (2021) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers13194972 · Cited by 15

Rapid response of breast cancer to neoadjuvant intramammary testosterone-anastrozole therapy

Glaser, R. L., & Dimitrakakis, C. (2013) · Menopause The Journal of The North American Menopause Society · doi:10.1097/gme.0000000000000096 · Cited by 14

Reduced Androgen Receptor Expression Accelerates the Onset of ERBB2 Induced Breast Tumors in Female Mice

Hodgson, M. C., VanOstran, G., Alghamdi, S., Poppiti, R., Agoulnik, A. I., & Agoulnik, I. U. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0060455 · Cited by 13

Prognostic Role of Androgen Receptor Expression in Surgically Resected Early Breast Cancer Patients

Yang, Y., Min, A., Lee, K.-H., Ryu, H. S., Kim, T., Woo, G.-U., Suh, K. J., Lee, D., Lee, H., Moon, H., et al. (2020) · Journal of Breast Cancer · doi:10.4048/jbc.2020.23.e28 · Cited by 13

Secreted indicators of androgen receptor activity in breast cancer pre-clinical models

Hanamura, T., Christenson, J. L., O’Neill, K. I., Rosas, E., Spoelstra, N. S., Williams, M. M., & Richer, J. K. (2021) · Breast Cancer Research · doi:10.1186/s13058-021-01478-9 · Cited by 13

Racial Disparity in Quadruple Negative Breast Cancer: Aggressive Biology and Potential Therapeutic Targeting and Prevention

Jinna, N., Jovanović‐Talisman, T., LaBarge, M. A., Natarajan, R. D., Kittles, R. A., Sistrunk, C., Rida, P. C. G., & Seewaldt, V. L. (2022) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers14184484 · Cited by 16

In vitro and in vivo effect of flutamide on steroid hormone secretion in canine and human inflammatory breast cancer cell lines

Cáceres, S., Monsalve, B., Peña, L., de Andrés, P. J., Alonso‐Diez, Á., Illera, M. J., Woodward, W. A., Reuben, J., Silván, G., & Illera, J. C. (2017) · Veterinary and Comparative Oncology · doi:10.1111/vco.12324 · Cited by 13

A novel approach to breast cancer prevention: reducing excessive ovarian androgen production in elderly women

Secreto, G., Sieri, S., Agnoli, C., Grioni, S., Muti, P. C., Zumoff, B., Sant, M., Meneghini, E., & Krogh, V. (2016) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/s10549-016-3901-1 · Cited by 12

Phosphorylation of androgen receptors at serine 515 is a potential prognostic marker for triple negative breast cancer

Roseweir, A. K., McCall, P., Scott, A., Liew, B., Lim, Z. H., Mallon, E., & Edwards, J. (2017) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.16420 · Cited by 12

Histology and Transcriptome Profiles of the Mammary Gland across Critical Windows of Development in Sprague Dawley Rats

Gopalakrishnan, K., Teitelbaum, S. L., Wetmur, J. G., Manservisi, F., Falcioni, L., Panzacchi, S., Gnudi, F., Belpoggi, F., & Chen, J. (2018) · Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia · doi:10.1007/s10911-018-9401-7 · Cited by 12

Altered Steroid Milieu in AI-Resistant Breast Cancer Facilitates AR Mediated Gene-Expression Associated with Poor Response to Therapy

Creevey, L., Bleach, R., Madden, S. F., Toomey, S., Bane, F. T., Varešlija, D., Hill, A. D. K., Young, L. S., & McIlroy, M. (2019) · Molecular Cancer Therapeutics · doi:10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0791 · Cited by 12

Androgen and Estrogen β Receptor Expression Enhances Efficacy of Antihormonal Treatments in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Lines

Crespo, B., Illera, J. C., Silván, G., Lopez-Plaza, P., de la Muela, M. H., Yagüe, M. D. L. P., del Arco, C. D., Illera, M. J., & Cáceres, S. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25031471 · Cited by 11

Involvement of β-catenin in Androgen-induced Mesenchymal Transition of Breast MDA-MB-453 Cancer Cells

Ahram, M. A., Bawadi, R., Abdullah, M. S., Alsafadi, D. B., Abaza, H., Abdallah, S. H., & Mustafa, E. H. (2021) · Endocrine Research · doi:10.1080/07435800.2021.1895829 · Cited by 11

The cellular and molecular effects of the androgen receptor agonist, Cl-4AS-1, on breast cancer cells

Ahram, M. A., Mustafa, E. H., Hammad, S. A., Alhudhud, M., Bawadi, R., Tahtamouni, L. H., Khatib, F. A., & Zihlif, M. (2018) · Endocrine Research · doi:10.1080/07435800.2018.1455105 · Cited by 11

Effect of AR antagonist combined with PARP1 inhibitor on sporadic triple-negative breast cancer bearing AR expression and methylation-mediated BRCA1 dysfunction

Sang, M., Lc, M., Ma, C., Liu, S. L., Sang, M., Chang, S., Liu, F., Lian, Y., & Geng, C. (2018) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.136 · Cited by 11

Avoidance and Period-Shortening of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in Stages I and II: Importance of Ki-67 Labeling Index and the Recognition of Apocrine-Type Lesions

Kubouchi, K., Shimada, K., Yokoe, T., & Tsutsumi, Y. (2020) · Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment · doi:10.1177/1533033820943246 · Cited by 11

A Phase II Study Evaluating Orteronel, an Inhibitor of Androgen Biosynthesis, in Patients With Androgen Receptor (AR)-Expressing Metastatic Breast Cancer (MBC)

Yardley, D. A., Young, R. R., Adelson, K. B., Silber, A. L. M., Najera, J. E., Daniel, D. B., Peacock, N. W., Finney, L. H., Hoekstra, S., Shastry, M., et al. (2021) · Clinical Breast Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.clbc.2021.10.011 · Cited by 11

Intratumoral androgen metabolism and actions in invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast

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Role of androgen and microRNA in triple-negative breast cancer

Al-Othman, N., Ahram, M. A., & Alqaraleh, M. (2019) · Breast Disease · doi:10.3233/bd-190416 · Cited by 10

Intrinsic Subtypes and Androgen Receptor Gene Expression in Primary Breast Cancer. A Meta-Analysis

Cruz‐Tapias, P., Rubiano, W., Rondón‐Lagos, M., Villegas, V. E., & Rangel, N. (2021) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology10090834 · Cited by 10

Metal-based antibody, nanobody, and peptide conjugates: Potential for breast cancer therapy

Kaya, B., Laurencia, D., Ayoub, M. F., Azad, M. G., Dharmasivam, M., & Richardson, D. R. (2025) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.pharmr.2025.100087 · Cited by 10

Androgen downregulates desmocollin‐2 in association with induction of mesenchymal transition of breast MDA‐MB ‐453 cancer cells

Ahram, M. A., Abdullah, M. S., Mustafa, S. A., Alsafadi, D. B., & Battah, A. (2021) · Cytoskeleton · doi:10.1002/cm.21691 · Cited by 9

Potential Therapeutic Targets for Luminal Androgen Receptor Breast Cancer: What We Know so Far

Stella, S., Martorana, F., Massimino, M., Vitale, S. R., Manzella, L., & Vigneri, P. G. (2023) · OncoTargets and Therapy · doi:10.2147/ott.s379867 · Cited by 9

Exemestane and Its Active Metabolite 17-Hydroexemestane Induce UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 2B17 Expression in Breast Cancer Cells

Chanawong, A., Mackenzie, P. I., McKinnon, R. A., Hu, D. G., & Meech, R. (2017) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.117.240317 · Cited by 9

Androgen receptor–regulated lncRNA PRCAT71 promotes AR signaling through the interaction with KHSRP in prostate cancer

Yang, Y., Wang, T.-Y., Li, Q., Lu, J., Ren, Y., Weiner, A. B., Fry, J., Liu, Q., Yum, C., Wang, R., et al. (2025) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adk6989 · Cited by 10

Long-Term Complete Response of an Androgen Receptor–Positive Triple-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer to Abiraterone Acetate

Grellety, T., MacGrogan, G. M., Chakiba, C., Kind, M., & Bonnefoi, H. R. (2018) · JCO Precision Oncology · doi:10.1200/po.17.00223 · Cited by 8

The Expression, Clinicopathologic Characteristics, and Prognostic Value of Androgen Receptor in Breast Cancer: A Bioinformatics Analysis Using Public Databases

Fu, W., Li, J., Kang, S., & Song, C. (2020) · DNA and Cell Biology · doi:10.1089/dna.2019.5192 · Cited by 8

Targeting phenotypic plasticity prevents metastasis and the development of chemotherapy-resistant diseasePreprint

Juan, B. P. S., Hediyeh-zadeh, S., Rangel, L., Milioli, H. H., Rodríguez, V., Bunkum, A., Kohane, F. V., Purcell, C. A., Bhuva, D. D., Kurumlian, A., et al. (2022) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2022.03.21.22269988 · Cited by 8

circAR-E2E4-miR-665-STAT3 axis is a potential regulatory network in triple-negative breast cancer

Xu, H., Fang, M., Ye, S., Zuo, B., Yao, W., Ren, J., & Zhang, Y. (2022) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12654 · Cited by 7

Endocrine nuclear receptors and long non‑coding RNAs reciprocal regulation in cancer (Review)

Cantile, M., Cerrone, M., Bonito, M. D., Moccia, P., Tracey, M. C., Ferrara, G., & Budillon, A. (2023) · International Journal of Oncology · doi:10.3892/ijo.2023.5595 · Cited by 7

Androgen Receptor is Expressed in Breast Cancer Brain Metastases

Bergen, E. S., Berghoff, A. S., Steindl, A., Rajky, O., Mercea, P. A., Kiesel, B., Tendl-Schulz, K., Bagó-Horváth, Z., Exner, R., Fitzal, F., et al. (2021) · Applied immunohistochemistry & molecular morphology · doi:10.1097/pai.0000000000000952 · Cited by 7

Testosterone Implant Therapy in Women With and Without Breast Cancer: Rationale, Experience, Evidence

Glaser, R. L., & Dimitrakakis, C. (2021) · Androgens Clinical Research and Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/andro.2021.0003 · Cited by 9

Breast

Barbieri, R. L. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-47912-7.00010-x · Cited by 7

The Association of RGS2 and Slug in the Androgen-induced Acquisition of Mesenchymal Features of Breast MDA-MB-453 Cancer Cells

Alsafadi, D. B., Abdullah, M. S., Bawadi, R., & Ahram, M. A. (2022) · Endocrine Research · doi:10.1080/07435800.2022.2036752 · Cited by 7

Individual Benefits and Risks of Intravaginal Estrogen and Systemic Testosterone in the Management of Women in the Menopause, With a Discussion of Any Associated Risks for Cancer Development

Laing, A., Newson, L. R., & Simon, J. A. (2022) · The Cancer Journal · doi:10.1097/ppo.0000000000000598 · Cited by 7

Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis for the Screening of Hub Genes and Therapeutic Drugs in Androgen Receptor-Positive TNBC

Guo, Q., Qiu, P., Yao, Q., Chen, J., & Lin, J. (2022) · Disease Markers · doi:10.1155/2022/4964793 · Cited by 7

Beyond the C18 frontier: Androgen and glucocorticoid metabolism in breast cancer tissues

McNamara, K. M., & Sasano, H. (2015) · Steroids · doi:10.1016/j.steroids.2015.05.008 · Cited by 7

Androgen deprivation by adrenal suppression using low-dose hydrocortisone for the treatment of breast carcinoma with apocrine features: a case report illustrating this new paradigm

Jongen, L., Paridaens, R., Floris, G., Wildiers, H. P. M. W., & Neven, P. (2016) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/s10549-016-3708-0 · Cited by 7

Editorial: The Androgen Receptor in Breast Cancer

Tesei, A., & Castoria, G. (2021) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.636480 · Cited by 7

Incidence and Prognostic Significance of Androgen Receptors (AR) in Indian Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC)

Mishra, A., Mishra, S. K., Sharanappa, V., Krishnani, N., Kumari, N., & Agarwal, G. (2024) · Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1007/s13193-024-01877-2 · Cited by 6

Androgen Receptors in Human Breast Cancer and Female Canine Mammary Tumors

Vidović, V., Davidov, I., Ružić, Z. N., Erdeljan, M., Galfi, A., & Blagojević, B. (2025) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules30071411 · Cited by 6

Breast Cancer in Indian Women: Genetic Risk Factors and Predictive Biomarkers

Saxena, S., Chakraborty, A., Kaushal, M., Mohil, R. S., Mishra, A., Singh, L. C., Sharma, J., Bansal, A., Agrawal, U., Mehta, J., et al. (2019) · Annals of the National Academy of Medical Sciences (India) · doi:10.1055/s-0039-1694085 · Cited by 6

Metachronous Contralateral Male Breast Cancer: Case Report and Literature Review

O'Leary, T. R., Shriver, C. D., & Wind, G. (2019) · Military Medicine · doi:10.1093/milmed/usz049 · Cited by 6

Dual Functions of Androgen Receptor Overexpression in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Complex Prognostic Marker

Kiraz, U., Rewcastle, E., Fykse, S. K., Lundal, I., Gudlaugsson, E. G., Skaland, I., Søiland, H., Baak, J. P. A., & Janssen, E. A. M. (2025) · Bioengineering · doi:10.3390/bioengineering12010054 · Cited by 5

Androgen Receptor CAG Repeat Length and Estrogen Receptor Status in Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Prognosis

Cogliati, P., Ciniselli, C. M., Agresti, R., Paolini, B., Bonini, C., Radice, P., Krogh, V., Verderio, P., & Venturelli, E. (2015) · The International Journal of Biological Markers · doi:10.5301/jbm.5000176 · Cited by 5

Câncer de Mama no Homem: uma Revisão Narrativa/ Breast Cancer in Man: a Narrative Review

Debona, L. A., Vasconcelos, F. L., Pereira, F. C., de Lima, H. F. M., Maciel, L. R. S., & Nunes, D. D. S. (2021) · Brazilian Journal of Health Review · doi:10.34119/bjhrv4n6-024 · Cited by 6

From genomic data analysis to drug development: a new generation of trials using molecular marker assessment in breast cance.

Doisneau-Sixou, S. F., & Harbeck, N. (2014) · PubMed · doi:10.3978/j.issn.2304-3865.2014.05.15 · Cited by 5

Androgen receptor inhibits estrogen receptor-A activity and is prognostic in breast cancer

Peters, A. A., Buchanan, G., Ricciardelli, C., Bianco‐Miotto, T., Centenera, M. M., Harris, J. M., Jindal, S., Segara, D., Li, J., Moore, N. L. T., et al. (2009) · Faculty of Health; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation · Cited by 1

Androgen Receptor Inhibits Estrogen Receptor-α Activity and Is Prognostic in Breast Cancer

Peters, A. A., Buchanan, G., Ricciardelli, C., Bianco‐Miotto, T., Centenera, M. M., Harris, J. M., Jindal, S., Segara, D., Li, J., Moore, N. L. T., et al. (2009) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-0452 · Cited by 406

The Divergent Function of Androgen Receptor in Breast Cancer; Analysis of Steroid Mediators and Tumor Intracrinology

Bleach, R., & McIlroy, M. (2018) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2018.00594 · Cited by 71

Abstract GS2-03: The androgen receptor is a tumour suppressor in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer

Lim, E., Hickey, T. E., Selth, L. A., Chia, K. M., Milioli, H. H., Roden, D. L., Laven‐Law, G., Jindal, S., Hui, M. N., Ebrahimie, E., et al. (2020) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs19-gs2-03

Abstract 941: Targeting androgen receptor in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer

Ni, M., Chen, Y., Bailey, S. T., Imai, Y., Liu, X. S., & Brown, M. A. (2011) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-941