The DOI matches its Crossref record; 148 of the 148 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Glucocorticoids and 11beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase in Adipose Tissue
Open accessAbstract
The highly prevalent metabolic syndrome (insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, along with abdominal obesity) resembles Cushing's syndrome. However, in simple obesity, plasma cortisol levels are not elevated. 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta-HSD1), at least in mature adipocytes and hepatocytes, converts inactive circulating 11-keto steroids into active glucocorticoids, amplifying local glucocorticoid action. 11beta-HSD1 is elevated in adipose tissue in obese humans and rodents, suggesting that adipose tissue glucocorticoid excess may explain the conundrum. Indeed, transgenic mice overexpressing 11beta-HSD1 in adipose tissue faithfully replicate the metabolic syndrome. Conversely, 11beta-HSD1(-/-) mice resist the metabolic consequences of stress and high-fat feeding via insulin sensitisation and other advantageous effects in the liver and adipose tissue. Adipose 11beta-HSD1 deficiency contributes to a protective metabolic phenotype, supporting its role as a therapeutic target for the metabolic syndrome.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The hormone resistin links obesity to diabetes
Steppan, C. M., Bailey, S. T., Bhat, S., Brown, E. J., Banerjee, R. R., Wright, C. M., Patel, H. R., Ahima, R. S., & Lazar, M. A. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35053000 · Cited by 4,755 · cited 2×
“In contrast, adipose mRNA-encoding resistin, which may lead to insulin resistance (Steppan et al., 2001), is reduced in transgenic adipose tissue, perhaps as a consequence of glucocorticoid excess (Viengchareun et al., 2002).”
Yamauchi, T., Kamon, J., Minokoshi, Y., Ito, Y., Waki, H., Uchida, S., Yamashita, S., Noda, M., Kita, S., Ueki, K., et al. (2002) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm788 · Cited by 4,238 · cited 2×
“Thus, transgenic adipose tissue has decreased expression of the insulin-sensitising factor adiponectin (acrp30, adipoQ) (Yamauchi et al., 2002) and increased expression of TNF , an adipose cytokine that causes insulin resistance (Hotamisligil et al., 1993).”
STRESS AND HIPPOCAMPAL PLASTICITY
McEwen, B. S. (1999) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.22.1.105 · Cited by 2,087 · cited 1×
“Of the latter, the hippocampus, a part of the limbic system, has attracted much attention, as it contains a very high density of intracellular receptors for glucocorticoids and is a key locus for glucocorticoid effects upon memory and perhaps mood (de Kloet, 1991; McEwen, 1999).”
A transgenic model of visceral obesity and the metabolic syndrome
Masuzaki, H., Paterson, J., Shinyama, H., Morton, N. M., Mullins, J. J., Seckl, J. R., & Flier, J. S. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1066285 · Cited by 1,766 · cited 9×
“aP2–11 -HSD1 transgenic mice show adipocyte hypertrophy but not hyperplasia (Masuzaki et al., 2001).”
InfluentialSelf-citationJACOBSON, L., & SAPOLSKY, R. (1991) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv-12-2-118 · Cited by 1,739 · cited 1×
“The hippocampus appears to act as a “brake” upon the HPA axis, since lesions interfere with glucocorticoid feedback control of HPA stress responses (Jacobson and Sapolsky, 1991).”
Mineralocorticoid action: target tissue specificity is enzyme, not receptor, mediated
Funder, J. W., Pearce, P. T., Smith, R., & Smith, A. I. (1988) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2845584 · Cited by 1,628 · cited 1×
“11 -HSD2 functions predominantly to exclude glucocorticoids from intrinsically nonselective MR in vivo (Edwards et al., 1988; Funder et al., 1988).”
DUNN, J. F., NISULA, B. C., & RODBARD, D. (1981) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-53-1-58 · Cited by 1,238 · cited 2×
“While this level is lower than diurnal peak cortisol of 400–600 nmol/l, cortisone is largely unbound, while 95% of cortisol is sequestered by binding to plasma proteins such as CBG (Dunn et al., 1981).”
Edwards, C. R. W., Burt, D., McIntyre, M., de Kloet, E. R., Stewart, P. M., Brett, L., Sutanto, W. S., & Monder, C. (1988) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(88)90742-8 · Cited by 1,067 · cited 1×
“11 -HSD2 functions predominantly to exclude glucocorticoids from intrinsically nonselective MR in vivo (Edwards et al., 1988; Funder et al., 1988).”
TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION DURING ADIPOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION
MacDougald, O. A., & Lane, M. D. (1995) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.64.070195.002021 · Cited by 1,064 · cited 1×
“These respond to glucocorticoids in a similar manner to adipose tissue in vivo (MacDougald et al., 1994; MacDougald and Lane, 1995).”
Rosmond, R., Dallman, M. F., & Björntorp, P. A. (1998) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.83.6.4843 · Cited by 959
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- [33]33. Handoko K, Yang KP, Strutt B, Khalil W, Killinger D 2000 Insulin attenuates the stimulatory effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha on 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 in human adipose stromal cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 72(3-4):163-168
- [61]61. Liu YJ, Nakagawa Y, Wang Y, Li RS, Li XJ, Ohzeki T, Friedman TC 2003 Leptin activation of corticosterone production in hepatocytes may contribute to the reversal of obesity and hyperglycemia in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice. Diabetes 52(6):1409 -1416
- [64]64. Livingstone DEW, Kenyon CJ, Walker BR 2000b Mechanisms of dysregulation of 11 beta- hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in obese Zucker rats. J Endocrinol 167(3):533-539
- [92]92. Panarelli M, Holloway CD, Fraser R, Connell JMC, Ingram MC, Anderson NH, Kenyon CJ 1998 Glucocorticoid receptor polymorphism, skin vasoconstriction, and other metabolic intermediate phenotypes in normal human subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 83(6):1846 - 1852
- [97]97. Paulmyer-Lacroix O, Boullu S, Oliver C, Alessi MC, Grino M 2002 Expression of the mRNA coding for 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in adipose tissue from obese patients: an in situ hybridization study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87(6):2701-2705
- [106]106. Reaven G 2002 Metabolic syndrome -pathophysiology and implications for management of cardiovascular disease. Circulation 106(3):286 -288
- [127]127. Walker B, Seckl J 2001 Cortisol metabolism. In: Bjo ¨rntorp P, ed. International Textbook of Obesity. Chichester, UK: John Wiley and Sons; 241-268
- [138]138. Weyer C, Gudat U, Heise T, Kimmerle R, Santen R, Schlaghecke R, Spraul M, Berger M 1997 Integrity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in morbid human obesity. Endocrinol Metab 4(6):397-401
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–238 of 238
de Macedo, I. C. (2010) · Americanae (AECID Library) · Cited by 1
Roohk, D. J. (2011) · eScholarship (California Digital Library)
Estrogen and Glucocorticoid Metabolism
Andersson, T. (2010) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)
Inflammation and end-organ damage with obesity and gender
Bloor, I. D. (2012) · Nottingham ePrints (University of Nottingham)
Modulación metabólica de la oleoil estrona en ratas con sobrepeso
Romero, R., & del Mar, M. (2013) · Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya)
Michailidou, Z. (2008) · ERA
Zhang, H., Wang, J., Sun, L., Xu, Q., Hou, M., Ding, Y., Huang, J., Chen, Y., Cao, L., Zhang, J., et al. (2015) · Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering · doi:10.3233/bme-151490
“1 [19] HSD11B 1 1q32-q41 [5, 20] ICAM1 19p13.”
High‐Cortisol States Can Masquerade as the Cardiometabolic Syndrome
Karuparthi, P. R., Yerram, P., Gupta, D., & Hayden, M. R. (2007) · Journal of the CardioMetabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1111/j.1559-4564.2007.07304.x
Tissue Metabolism of Glucocorticoids: New Controls of Cognitive Function and the Stress Response
Seckl, J. R. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/4-431-29567-4_11
Self-citationCorticosterone Modulates the Vasodilation by Perivascular Fat
Andersen, I. A. (2011) · Gothenburg University Publications Electronic Archive (Gothenburg University)
Biochemical and molecular targets of novel antidiabetic agents
Singh, A. B. (2009) · INFLIBNET
Excès pondéral, morphotype androïde et hyperandrogénie : qui fait quoi ?
Bringer, J., Lefebvre, P., & Raingeard, I. (2004)
Glucocorticoids as Modulators of Adipose Inflammation
Morton, N. M. (2009) · Oxidative stress and disease · doi:10.1201/9781420091311.ch8
Suhaimi, F. H. (2017) · Medicine & health · doi:10.17576/mh.2017.1201.07
Stress, Glucocorticoids, and the Brain
DeRijk, R. H., & de Kloet, E. R. (2006) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1385/1-59259-952-4:111
Cushing's Syndrome and Human Glucocorticoid Hypertension
Elijovich, F., & Laffer, C. L. (2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-03961-1.50072-6
Male Obesity and Reproductive Health
Jaffar, M., Ahmad, S. N., & Cheruveetil, M. A. (2018) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.76932
“Apart from adipocytes, adipose tissue also contains connective tissue matrix, nerve tissue, stromovascular cells, and immune cells [14].”
BackgroundLeibovitz, E., & Cohen, B. D. (2015) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.710.19
Ho, J. T. (2007) · Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide)
Alterations in peripheral glucocorticoid metabolism : effects of weight changes
Šimonytė, K. (2011) · DiVA at Umeå University (Umeå University)
Paulsen, S. K., Nielsen, M. P., Richelsen, B., Bruun, J. M., Flyvbjerg, A., & Pedersen, S. B. (2008) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2007.141
Vinson, G. P., & Murray, S. (2004) · Endocrine Research · doi:10.1081/erc-200044115
“An alternative view holds that local corticosteroid metabolism by 11b-HSD is involved (6).”
Paus, R., Klein, J. C., & Faßhauer, M. (2006) · Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0625.2006.00519_3.x
Vulto, A. (2022) · doi:10.33612/diss.238499726
Li, T., Li, S., Liu, H., Tan, H., Li, J., Li, J., & Yu, Y. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3912731/v1
Ватутин, Н. Т., Sklyannaya, E. V., & Грибов, В. В. (2024) · Oncohematology · doi:10.17650/1818-8346-2024-19-2-118-131
General Directorate of Education of Babylon Governorate, I., Al-Khaykanee, A. M., Hussein, S. A., & Ali, Z. M. M. (2025) · Biologica Nyssana · doi:10.46793/biolnyss.16.1.15a
How stress, anxiety, and fear affect eating
Carr, J. A. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-29218-7.00006-7
Implication du récepteur des glucocorticoïdes en physiopathologie humaine
Vitellius, G. (2019) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/84630f11zbc82z43a6z8604z69024f4ae7dd
Soares, R. M., Araújo, E. O., Teixeira, F. G., Cunha, P. B., Richeti, F., Alvarenga, R., Costa, T. M., Silva, T. S., & Longui, C. A. (2026) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/a-2948-4276
Lelli, S. M. (2013) · Repositorio Digital Institucional de la Universidad de Buenos Aires (Universidad de Buenos Aires)
The Interaction of Exercise, Stress, and Inflammation on Growth
Peckett, A. J., Timmons, B. W., & Riddell, M. C. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1795-9_145
Genetics of Metabolic Syndrome and Genetic Lipodystrophies
JOY, T. R., & Hegele, R. A. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-09718-3_5
Metadata
- Authors
- Seckl, J. R.
- Affiliations
- Western General Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Seckl, J. R.
- ORCID
- Seckl, J. R.
- Venue
- Recent Progress in Hormone Research
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2004-01-01
- Volume
- 59
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 359-393
- ISSN
- 0079-9963 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2129008449
- Semantic Scholar
- 4c2b062bc15435b616374945d43d7e9a6e33c792
- Cited by
- 239
- References
- 147
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 3.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- Recent Progress in Hormone Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- British Heart Foundation
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal Regulation and Hypertension
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Keywords
- 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1, adipose tissue, glucocorticoids, metabolic syndrome, obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, 11-keto steroids, transgenic mice, high-fat feeding, therapeutic target
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Adrenal Glands, Animals, Glucocorticoids, Humans, Hypothalamus, Liver, Mice, Transgenic, Obesity, Pituitary Gland, Mice, Knockout, Metabolic Syndrome, 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
