CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 640Migraine and Headache StudiesTraumatic Brain Injury ResearchTemporomandibular Joint Disorders

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 25 of the 25 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Comorbidity of migraine and depression: Investigating potential etiology and prognosis

Breslau, N., Lipton, R. B., Stewart, W. F., Schultz, L. R., Welch, K. M.A.·2003·Neurology
DOI 10.1212/01.wnl.0000058907.41080.54
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

BACKGROUND: An association between migraine and major depression has been observed in clinical and community samples. The factors that contribute to this association and their implications remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: To determine the factors contributing to the association of migraine and major depression. METHODS: A cohort study of persons aged 25 to 55 years with migraine (n = 496) or with other headaches of comparable severity (n = 151) and control subjects with no history of severe headaches (n = 539) randomly selected from the general community were interviewed first in 1997 and then reinterviewed in 1999. RESULTS: Major depression at baseline predicted the first-onset migraine during the 2-year follow-up period (odds ratio [OR] = 3.4; 95% CI = 1.4, 8.7) but not other severe headaches (OR = 0.6; 95% CI = 0.1, 4.6). Migraine at baseline predicted the first-onset major depression during follow-up (OR = 5.8; 95% CI = 2.7, 12.3); the prospective association from severe headaches to major depression was not significant (OR = 2.7; 95% CI = 0.9, 8.1). Comorbid major depression did not influence the frequency of migraine attacks, their persistence, or the progression of migraine-related disability over time. CONCLUSIONS: Major depression increased the risk for migraine, and migraine increased the risk for major depression. This bidirectional association, with each disorder increasing the risk for first onset of the other, was not observed in relation to other severe headaches. With respect to other severe headaches, there was no increased risk associated with pre-existing major depression, although the possibility of an influence in the reverse direction (i.e., from severe headaches to depression) cannot be securely ruled out.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1212/01.wnl.0000058907.41080.54

Cites

25 of 25 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Show all 25 references

Research works printed but not linked: 5

  1. 10.1001/jama.1992.03480010072027 · DOI
  2. Lipton RB Hamelsky SW Stewart WF. Epidemiology and impact of headache. In: Silberstein SD Lipton RB Dalessio DJ eds. Wolff’s headache and other head pain 7th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press 2001: 85–107.
  3. Breslau N, Merikangas K, Bowden CL. Comorbidity of migraine with major affective disorders. Neurology . 1994; 44 (suppl 7): S17–S22.
  4. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th rev. ed. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Press 1994.
  5. Fields H. Depression and pain: a neurobiological model. Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol . 1991; 4: 83–92.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Items 501–600 of 639

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Breslau, N., Lipton, R. B., Stewart, W. F., Schultz, L. R., & Welch, K. M. A.
Affiliations
Albert Einstein College of Medicine (US)
ORCID
Venue
Neurology
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
2003-04-22
Volume
60
Issue
8
Pages
1308-1312
ISSN
  • 0028-3878 (ISSN-L)
  • 1526-632X
DOI
10.1212/01.wnl.0000058907.41080.54
OpenAlex
W2036344281
Cited by
640
References
25
Citations by year
2026: 21 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 46
FWCI
11.22
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Neurology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5p50ns032399-05)
  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (P50-NS32399)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Migraine and Headache Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
  • Health Sciences › Dentistry › Oral Surgery › Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
Keywords
migraine, major depressive disorder, comorbidities, bidirectional relationship, severe headache, migraine disability, migraine frequency
MeSH terms
Adult, Depression, Major Depressive Disorder, Disease Susceptibility, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Headache, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Michigan, Middle Aged, Migraine Disorders, Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Risk, Sampling Studies, Cohort Studies, Comorbidity, Incidence, Odds Ratio, Age of Onset

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review