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Cited by 465Migraine and Headache StudiesTraumatic Brain Injury ResearchTemporomandibular Joint Disorders

Headache and major depression: Is the association specific to migraine?

Breslau, N., Schultz, L.R., Stewart, W.F., Lipton, R.B., Lucia, V.C., Welch, K.M. A.·2000·Neurology
DOI 10.1212/wnl.54.2.308
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between migraine and major depression, by estimating the risk for first-onset major depression associated with prior migraine and the risk for first migraine associated with prior major depression. We also examined the extent to which comorbidity with major depression is specific to migraine or is observed in other severe headaches. METHODS: Representative samples of persons 25 to 55 years of age with migraine or other severe headaches (i.e., disabling headaches without migraine features) and controls with no history of severe headaches were identified by a telephone survey and later interviewed in person to ascertain history of common psychiatric disorders. RESULTS: Lifetime prevalence of major depression was approximately three times higher in persons with migraine and in persons with severe headaches compared with controls. Significant bidirectional relationships were observed between major depression and migraine, with migraine predicting first-onset depression and depression predicting first-onset migraine. In contrast, persons with severe headaches had a higher incidence of first-onset major depression (hazard ratio = 3.6), but major depression did not predict a significantly increased incidence of other severe headaches (hazard ratio = 1.6). CONCLUSIONS: The contrasting results regarding the relationship of major depression with migraine versus other severe headaches suggest that different causes may underlie the co-occurrence of major depression in persons with migraine compared with persons with other severe headaches.

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Crossref · 10.1212/wnl.54.2.308

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  • In the general population, depression is associated with a wide range of health, mental health, and neurological conditions, such as chronic pain, headaches and migraines, diabetes, low testosterone, cardiovascular/cerebrovascular/small vessel ischemic disease, PD, MCI, and AD.

    “In the general population, depression is associated with a wide range of health, mental health, and neurological conditions, such as 1) chronic pain [71–75]; 2) headaches and migraines [76–79]; 3) diabetes [80–82]; 4) low testosterone [83–85]; 5) cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and small vessel ischemic disease [86–92]; 6) PD [93]; 7) MCI [94–96]; and 8) AD [97].”

    From The Need to Separate Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Neuropathology from Clinical Features (2017) · cites this paper as [77]

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Authors
Breslau, N., Schultz, L. R., Stewart, W. F., Lipton, R. B., Lucia, V. C., & Welch, K. M. A.
Affiliations
University of Kansas (US)
ORCID
Venue
Neurology
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
2000-01-25
Volume
54
Issue
2
Pages
308-308
ISSN
  • 0028-3878 (ISSN-L)
  • 1526-632X
DOI
10.1212/wnl.54.2.308
OpenAlex
W1973174800
Cited by
465
References
26
Citations by year
2026: 11 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 21
FWCI
11.86
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Neurology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5p50ns032399-05)
  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (P50-NS32399)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Migraine and Headache Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Complementary and Manual Therapy › Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
Keywords
migraine, major depressive disorder, headache disorders, bidirectional relationship, comorbidities, first-episode depression, severe headache, depression risk, mental illness
MeSH terms
Adult, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Michigan, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Comorbidity, Incidence, Prevalence, Age of Onset, Migraine with Aura, Migraine without Aura

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