APOE ε2/ε4 polymorphism and cerebral microbleeds on gradient-echo MRI
Abstract
The association of APOE genotypes with cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) was examined on the basis of the location of CMBs in 414 patients who were admitted primarily because of stroke. With respect to possession of the epsilon2 or epsilon4 allele, the adjusted odds ratio was 1.94 (1.05 to 3.58) for lobar CMBs but 1.21 (0.69 to 2.11) for nonlobar CMBs. This suggests that the pathogenesis of CMBs may differ depending on their location.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Evidence independently supports link of both the APOE ε4 and ε2 allele with increased risk for microhemorrhages in humans.
“Evidence independently supports link of both the APOE ε4 and ε2 allele with increased risk for microhemorrhages in humans [51, 52, 54–57].”
From APOE Genotype Differentially Modulates Effects of Anti-Aβ, Passive Immunization in APP Transgenic Mice (2017) · cites this paper as [54]
Cites
MR signal abnormalities at 1.5 T in Alzheimer's dementia and normal aging
Fazekas, F., Chawluk, J. B., Alavi, A. A., Hurtig, H. I., & Zimmerman, R. A. (1987) · American Journal of Roentgenology · doi:10.2214/ajr.149.2.351 · Cited by 5,327 · see citing works
Apolipoprotein E ϵ4 and cerebral hemorrhage associated with amyloid angiopathy
Greenberg, S. M., Rebeck, G. W., Vonsattel, J. P., Gómez‐Isla, T., & Hyman, B. T. (1995) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410380219 · Cited by 540 · see citing works
Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors for Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Woo, D., Sauerbeck, L. R., D, B. M. K. M., Khoury, J. C., Szaflarski, J. P., Gebel, J., Shukla, R., Pancioli, A., Jauch, E. C., Menon, A. G., et al. (2002) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000014774.88027.22 · Cited by 417 · see citing works
MRI evidence of past cerebral microbleeds in a healthy elderly population
Roob, G., Schmidt, R., Kapeller, P., Lechner, A., Hartung, H., & Fazekas, F. (1999) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.52.5.991 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
Jeerakathil, T., Wolf, P. A., Beiser, A., Hald, J. K., Au, R., Kase, C. S., Massaro, J. M., & DeCarli, C. (2004) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000131809.35202.1b · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Old Microbleeds Are a Potential Risk Factor for Cerebral Bleeding After Ischemic Stroke
Nighoghossian, N., Hermier, M., Adeleine, P., Blanc‐Lasserre, K., Derex, L., Honnorat, J., Philippeau, F., Dugor, J. F., Froment, J. C., & Trouillas, P. (2002) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/hs0302.104615 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Frequency and Location of Microbleeds in Patients With Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Roob, G., Lechner, A., Schmidt, R., Flooh, E., Hartung, H., & Fazekas, F. (2000) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.31.11.2665 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
MRI detection of new hemorrhages: Potential marker of progression in cerebral amyloid angiopathy
Greenberg, S. M., O’Donnell, H. C., Schaefer, P. W., & Kraft, E. (1999) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.53.5.1135 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Prevalence and risk factors of cerebral microbleeds: The Rotterdam Scan Study
Vernooij, M. W., van der Lugt, A., Ikram, M. A., Wielopolski, P. A., Niessen, W. J., Hofman, A., Krestin, G. P., & Breteler, M. M. B. (2008) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000307750.41970.d9 · Cited by 793 · see citing works
Cordonnier, C., Al-Shahi Salman, R., & Wardlaw, J. (2007) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awl387 · Cited by 703 · see citing works
Early-onset versus late-onset Alzheimer's disease: the case of the missing APOE ɛ4 allele
van der Flier, W. M., Pijnenburg, Y. A. L., Fox, N. C., & Scheltens, P. (2010) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(10)70306-9 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Cerebral Microbleeds: A Review of Clinical, Genetic, and Neuroimaging Associations
Yates, P. A., Villemagne, V. L., Ellis, K. A., Desmond, P. M., Masters, C. L., & Rowe, C. C. (2014) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2013.00205 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
APOE genotype and MRI markers of cerebrovascular disease
Schilling, S., DeStefano, A. L., Sachdev, P. S., Choi, S. H., Mather, K. A., DeCarli, C. S., Wen, W. X., Høgh, P., Raz, N., Au, R., et al. (2013) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e31829bfda4 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Incidence of cerebral microbleeds in preclinical Alzheimer disease
Yates, P. A., Desmond, P. M., Phal, P. M., Steward, C., Szoeke, C., Salvado, O., Ellis, K. A., Martins, R. N., Masters, C. L., Ames, D., et al. (2014) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000000285 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy in Down syndrome and sporadic and autosomal‐dominant Alzheimer's disease
Carmona‐Iragui, M., Balasa, M., Benejam, B., Alcolea, D. A., Fernández, S., Videla, L., Sala, I., Sánchez‐Saudinós, M. B., Morenas‐Rodríguez, E., Nogué, R. R., et al. (2017) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2017.03.007 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
(2012) · Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-385883-2.00006-0 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Genetic associations with brain microbleeds
Maxwell, S. S., Jackson, C., Paternoster, L., Cordonnier, C., Thijs, V., Salman, R. A., & Sudlow, C. L. M. (2011) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e318224afa3 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Cerebral Microbleeds: Their Associated Factors, Radiologic Findings, and Clinical Implications
Kim, B. J., & Lee, S. (2013) · Journal of Stroke · doi:10.5853/jos.2013.15.3.153 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citationDistribution of cerebral microbleeds in the East and West
Yakushiji, Y., Wilson, D., Ambler, G., Charidimou, A., Beiser, A., van Buchem, M. A., DeCarli, C. S., Ding, D., Gudnason, V. G., Hara, H., et al. (2019) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000007039 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Cerebral Microbleeds: Old Leaks and New Haemorrhages
Fiehler, J. (2006) · International Journal of Stroke · doi:10.1111/j.1747-4949.2006.00042.x · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Cerebral Microbleeds Are Independently Associated with Arterial Stiffness in Stroke Patients
Seo, W., Lee, J., Park, M. H., Park, K. W., & Lee, D. H. (2008) · Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1159/000166837 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citationDisease progression and regression in sporadic small vessel disease–insights from neuroimaging
van Leijsen, E. M. C., de Leeuw, F., & Tuladhar, A. M. (2017) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs20160384 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Cerebral Microbleeds: Clinical and Pathophysiological Significance
Werring, D. J. (2007) · Journal of Neuroimaging · doi:10.1111/j.1552-6569.2006.00070.x · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Association of Apolipoprotein E ε2 With White Matter Disease but Not With Microbleeds
Lemmens, R., Görner, A., Schrooten, M., & Thijs, V. (2007) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000259816.31370.44 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Cerebral microbleeds: A new dilemma in stroke medicine
Kakar, P., Charidimou, A., & Werring, D. J. (2012) · JRSM Cardiovascular Disease · doi:10.1177/2048004012474754 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Pankiewicz, J. E., Baquero-Buitrago, J., Sanchez, S., Lopez-Contreras, J., Kim, J., Sullivan, P. M., Holtzman, D. M., & Sadowski, M. J. (2017) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-017-0156-1 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Bunch, T. J., May, H. T., Cutler, M. J., Woller, S. C., Jacobs, V., Stevens, S. M., Carlquist, J. L., Knowlton, K. U., Muhlestein, J. B., Steinberg, B. A., et al. (2022) · Journal of Arrhythmia · doi:10.1002/joa3.12781 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Ingala, S., Mazzai, L., Sudre, C. H., Salvadó, G., Brugulat-Serrat, A., Wottschel, V., Falcon, C., Operto, G., Tijms, B., Gispert, J. D., et al. (2020) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.06.015 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Raman, M. R., Kantarci, K., Murray, M. E., Jack, C. R., & Vemuri, P. (2016) · Alzheimer s & Dementia Diagnosis Assessment & Disease Monitoring · doi:10.1016/j.dadm.2016.12.006 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Bunch, T. J., Jacobs, V., May, H. T., Stevens, S. M., Crandall, B. G., Cutler, M. J., Day, J. D., Mallender, C. D., Olson, J., Osborn, J. S., et al. (2019) · Clinical Cardiology · doi:10.1002/clc.23181 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
MRI in the assessment of cerebral small vessel disease
Gnedovskaya, E. V., Dobrynina, L. A., Krotenkova, M. V., & Sergeeva, A. N. (2018) · Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology · doi:10.25692/acen.2018.1.9 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Incident cerebral microbleeds and hypertension defined by the 2017 ACC/AHA Guidelines
Xia, Y., Wang, Y., Yang, L., Wang, Y., Liang, X., Zhao, Q., Wu, J., Chu, S., Liang, Z., Ding, H., et al. (2021) · Annals of Translational Medicine · doi:10.21037/atm-20-5142 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Genetic Variants behind Cardiovascular Diseases and Dementia
Ho, W.-M., Wu, Y.-Y., & Chen, Y. (2020) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes11121514 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Common Medications and Intracerebral Hemorrhage: The ARIC Study
Sharma, R., Matsushita, K., Wu, A., Jack, C. R., Griswold, M. E., Mosley, T. H., Fornage, M., & Gottesman, R. F. (2021) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.120.014270 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Jang, D., Huh, P., & Lee, K. (2015) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/2015.5.jns142973 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationMagnetic Resonance Imaging of Cerebrovascular Diseases
Warach, S. J., Baird, A. E., Dani, K., Wintermark, M., & Kidwell, C. S. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-5478-8.10046-6 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Oraby, M. I., Gomaa, R., Abdelaal, A., & Hussein, M. (2024) · International Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/00207454.2024.2394779 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Microbleeds in relation to specific populations, diseases and neurological symptoms
Werring, D. J. (2011) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511974892.012 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cerebrovascular Diseases
Lansberg, M. G., Wintermark, M., Kidwell, C. S., & Albers, G. W. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-69424-7.00048-x · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Cerebral microbleeds in relation to cerebrovasculardisease
Lee, S., & Roh, J. (2011) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511974892.013 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationMagnetic Resonance Imaging of Cerebrovascular Diseases
Lansberg, M. G., Wintermark, M., Kidwell, C. S., Warach, S. J., & Albers, G. W. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-29544-4.00048-7 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Gregoire, S. M. (2014) · UCL Discovery (University College London) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Genetic associations with brain microbleeds review and meta-analyses
Paternoster, L., Cordonnier, C., Thijs, V., Salman, R. A., & Sudlow, C. L. M. (2011)
Unraveling the heterogeneity of cerebral small vessel disease. From local to remote effects
van Leijsen, E. M. C. (2018) · Radboud Repository (Radboud University)
MRI in the Assessment of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
Gnedovskaya, E. V., Добрынина, Л. А., Кротенкова, М. В., & Sergeeva, A. N. (2022) · Human Physiology · doi:10.1134/s0362119722080023
Gel, A., Phillips, E., Hausle, I., Thropp, P., Tosun, D., & Initiative, A. D. N. (2026) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.71818
Zhang, Z., Maimaiti, A., Li, J., Mei, T., Yu, X., & Jia, Z. (2026) · Metabolism Open · doi:10.1016/j.metop.2026.100502
- Authors
- Kim, M., Bae, H. J., Lee, J., Kang, L., Lee, S., Kim, S., Lee, J. E., Lee, K. M., Yoon, B. W., Kwon, O., Koo, J. S., & Kim, B. K.
- Affiliations
- Korea University (KR)
- Venue
- Neurology
- Published
- 2005-11-08
- Volume
- 65
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1474-1475
- ISSN
- 0028-3878 (ISSN-L)
- 1526-632X
- OpenAlex
- W2143060109
- Cited by
- 39
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Intracerebral and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Cerebrovascular and genetic disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Intracranial Aneurysms: Treatment and Complications
- Keywords
- cerebral microbleeds, gradient echo MRI, lobar microbleeds, stroke, APOE genotype
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Aged, Alcohol Drinking, Apolipoproteins E, Brain, Cerebral Arteries, Cerebral Hemorrhage, DNA Mutational Analysis, Female, Genetic Testing, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Polymorphism, Genetic, Predictive Value of Tests, Prospective Studies, Sex Factors, Smoking, Causality, Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Apolipoprotein E4, Apolipoprotein E2
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review