The DOI matches its Crossref record; 45 of the 45 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Long-term treatment with responsive brain stimulation in adults with refractory partial seizures
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: The long-term efficacy and safety of responsive direct neurostimulation was assessed in adults with medically refractory partial onset seizures. METHODS: All participants were treated with a cranially implanted responsive neurostimulator that delivers stimulation to 1 or 2 seizure foci via chronically implanted electrodes when specific electrocorticographic patterns are detected (RNS System). Participants had completed a 2-year primarily open-label safety study (n = 65) or a 2-year randomized blinded controlled safety and efficacy study (n = 191); 230 participants transitioned into an ongoing 7-year study to assess safety and efficacy. RESULTS: The average participant was 34 (±11.4) years old with epilepsy for 19.6 (±11.4) years. The median preimplant frequency of disabling partial or generalized tonic-clonic seizures was 10.2 seizures a month. The median percent seizure reduction in the randomized blinded controlled trial was 44% at 1 year and 53% at 2 years (p < 0.0001, generalized estimating equation) and ranged from 48% to 66% over postimplant years 3 through 6 in the long-term study. Improvements in quality of life were maintained (p < 0.05). The most common serious device-related adverse events over the mean 5.4 years of follow-up were implant site infection (9.0%) involving soft tissue and neurostimulator explantation (4.7%). CONCLUSIONS: The RNS System is the first direct brain responsive neurostimulator. Acute and sustained efficacy and safety were demonstrated in adults with medically refractory partial onset seizures arising from 1 or 2 foci over a mean follow-up of 5.4 years. This experience supports the RNS System as a treatment option for refractory partial seizures. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class IV evidence that for adults with medically refractory partial onset seizures, responsive direct cortical stimulation reduces seizures and improves quality of life over a mean follow-up of 5.4 years.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Recent studies on patients implanted with this device have exhibited significant reductions in seizures over a sustained period of time, and hence, the patients experience an improved quality of life [8].”
From Implantable neurotechnologies: a review of integrated circuit neural amplifiers (2016) · cites this paper as [8]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
A randomized, controlled trial of surgery for temporal-lobe epilepsy.
Wiebe, S., Blume, W., Girvin, J., & Eliasziw, M. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200108023450501 · Cited by 3,282
Electrical stimulation of the anterior nucleus of thalamus for treatment of refractory epilepsy
Fisher, R. S., Salanova, V., Witt, T. C., Worth, R. M., Henry, T. R., Gross, R. E., Oommen, K. J., Osorio, I., Nazzaro, J. M., Labar, D., et al. (2010) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2010.02536.x · Cited by 1,930
Self-citationWeaver, F. M. (2009) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2008.929 · Cited by 1,535
Responsive cortical stimulation for the treatment of medically intractable partial epilepsy
Morrell, M. J. (2011) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182302056 · Cited by 1,282
Self-citationDevinsky, O., & Pacia, S. V. (1993) · Neurologic Clinics · doi:10.1016/s0733-8619(18)30132-4 · Cited by 1,185
Vagus nerve stimulation therapy for partial-onset seizures
Handforth, A., DeGiorgio, C. M., Schachter, S. C., Uthman, B. M., Naritoku, D. K., Tecoma, E. S., Henry, T. R., Collins, S. D., Vaughn, B. V., Gilmartin, R. C., et al. (1998) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.51.1.48 · Cited by 1,107
Self-citationMarson, A. G., Al-Kharusi, A. M., Alwaidh, M., Appleton, R., Baker, G. A., Chadwick, D. W., Cramp, C., Cockerell, O. C., Cooper, P. N., Doughty, J., et al. (2007) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)60460-7 · Cited by 976
Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus Changes the Firing Pattern of Pallidal Neurons
Hashimoto, T., Elder, C. M., Okun, M., Patrick, S. K., & Vitek, J. (2003) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-05-01916.2003 · Cited by 925
Practice parameter: Temporal lobe and localized neocortical resections for epilepsy
Engel, J., Wiebe, S., French, J. A., Sperling, M. R., Williamson, P. D., Spencer, D. D., Gumnit, R. J., Zahn, C. A., Westbrook, E. O., & Enos, B. (2003) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000055086.35806.2d · Cited by 909
Self-citationThree-Year Outcomes in Deep Brain Stimulation for Highly Resistant Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder
Greenberg, B. D., Malone, D. A., Friehs, G. M., Rezai, A. R., Kubu, C. S., Malloy, P. F., Salloway, S., Okun, M. S., Goodman, W. K., & Rasmussen, S. A. (2006) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301165 · Cited by 835
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Mechanisms of deep brain stimulation
Herrington, T. M., Cheng, J. J., & Eskandar, E. N. (2016) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00281.2015 · Cited by 551
Nine-year prospective efficacy and safety of brain-responsive neurostimulation for focal epilepsy
Nair, D. R., Laxer, K. D., Weber, P. B., Murro, A. M., Park, Y. D., Barkley, G. L., Smith, B. J., Gwinn, R. P., Doherty, M. J., Noe, K. H., et al. (2020) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000010154 · Cited by 490
Self-citationSalanova, V., Sperling, M. R., Gross, R. E., Irwin, C. P., Vollhaber, J. A., Giftakis, J. E., Fisher, R. S., & SANTÉ Study Group (2021) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/epi.16895 · Cited by 333
Self-citationA forward-looking review of seizure prediction
Freestone, D. R., Karoly, P. J., & Cook, M. J. (2017) · Current Opinion in Neurology · doi:10.1097/wco.0000000000000429 · Cited by 169
Implantable neurotechnologies: a review of integrated circuit neural amplifiers
Ng, K. A., Greenwald, E., Xu, Y. P., & Thakor, N. V. (2016) · Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing · doi:10.1007/s11517-015-1431-3 · Cited by 83
Metadata
- Authors
- Bergey, G. K., Morrell, M. J., Mizrahi, E. M., Goldman, A., King-Stephens, D., Nair, D., Srinivasan, S., Jobst, B., Gross, R. E., Shields, D. C., Barkley, G., Salanova, V., Olejniczak, P., Cole, A., Cash, S. S., Noe, K., Wharen, R., Worrell, G., Murro, A. M., Edwards, J., Duchowny, M., Spencer, D., Smith, M., Geller, E., Gwinn, R., Skidmore, C., Eisenschenk, S., Berg, M., Heck, C., Van Ness, P., Fountain, N., Rutecki, P., Massey, A., O'Donovan, C., Labar, D., Duckrow, R. B., Hirsch, L. J., Courtney, T., Sun, F. T., & Seale, C. G.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Stanford University (US)
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- Author affiliations are provided at the end of the article.
- Cleveland Clinic (US)
- Columbia University (US)
- Dartmouth College (US)
- Emory University (US)
- George Washington University (US)
- Henry Ford Health (US)
- Indiana University Bloomington (US)
- Louisiana State University (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Augusta University (US)
- Medical University of South Carolina (US)
- Oregon Health & Science University (US)
- Rush University (US)
- Swedish Medical Center (US)
- Thomas Jefferson University (US)
- University of Florida (US)
- University of Rochester (US)
- University of Southern California (US)
- University of Virginia (US)
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Cornell University (US)
- Yale University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Morrell, Martha J.
- ORCID
- Bergey, Gregory K.
- Morrell, Martha J.
- Goldman, Alica
- Nair, Dileep
- Jobst, Barbara
- Gross, Robert E.
- Shields, Donald C.
- Salanova, Vicenta
- Cole, Andrew
- Cash, Sydney S.
- Noe, Katherine
- Wharen, Robert
- Worrell, Gregory
- Edwards, Jonathan
- Duchowny, Michael
- Spencer, David
- Smith, Michael
- Gwinn, Ryder
- Skidmore, Christopher
- Eisenschenk, Stephan
- Fountain, Nathan
- Rutecki, Paul
- Hirsch, Lawrence J.
- Seale, Cairn G.
- Venue
- Neurology
- Published
- 2015-02-24
- Volume
- 84
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 810-817
- ISSN
- 0028-3878 (ISSN-L)
- 1526-632X
- PMC
- PMC4339127
- OpenAlex
- W2119130526
- Cited by
- 634
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 60 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 52 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 76 · 2019: 71 · 2018: 74 · 2017: 49 · 2016: 53 · 2015: 26
- FWCI
- 54.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Neurology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Massachusetts General Hospital
- Yale University
- University of Southern California
- Emory University
- George Washington University
- Wake Forest University
- Cleveland Clinic
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation
- Johns Hopkins University
- University of Rochester
- Louisiana State University
- Dartmouth College
- Thomas Jefferson University
- Rush University
- University of South Carolina
- School of Medicine, Indiana University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Epilepsy research and treatment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vagus Nerve Stimulation Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Deep Brain Stimulation and Movement Disorders
- Keywords
- responsive neurostimulation, refractory partial seizures, epilepsy, seizure reduction, long-term efficacy, device safety, implant site infection, quality of life, seizure foci
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Double-Blind Method, Epilepsies, Partial, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Deep Brain Stimulation, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Long-term treatment with responsive brain stimulation in adults with refractory partial seizures. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1212/wnl.0000000000001280
- The paper
- Bergey, G. K., Morrell, M. J., Mizrahi, E. M., Goldman, A., King-Stephens, D., Nair, D., Srinivasan, S., Jobst, B., Gross, R. E., Shields, D. C., Barkley, G., Salanova, V., Olejniczak, P., Cole, A., Cash, S. S., Noe, K., Wharen, R., Worrell, G., Murro, A. M., . . . Seale, C. G. (2015). Long-term treatment with responsive brain stimulation in adults with refractory partial seizures. Neurology. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000001280
