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Practice guideline: Treatment for insomnia and disrupted sleep behavior in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: Report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To review pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic strategies for treating sleep disturbances in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and to develop recommendations for addressing sleep disturbance in this population. METHODS: The guideline panel followed the American Academy of Neurology 2011 guideline development process, as amended. The systematic review included studies through December 2017. Recommendations were based on evidence, related evidence, principles of care, and inferences. MAJOR RECOMMENDATIONS LEVEL B: For children and adolescents with ASD and sleep disturbance, clinicians should assess for medications and coexisting conditions that could contribute to the sleep disturbance and should address identified issues. Clinicians should counsel parents regarding strategies for improved sleep habits with behavioral strategies as a first-line treatment approach for sleep disturbance either alone or in combination with pharmacologic or nutraceutical approaches. Clinicians should offer melatonin if behavioral strategies have not been helpful and contributing coexisting conditions and use of concomitant medications have been addressed, starting with a low dose. Clinicians should recommend using pharmaceutical-grade melatonin if available. Clinicians should counsel children, adolescents, and parents regarding potential adverse effects of melatonin use and the lack of long-term safety data. Clinicians should counsel that there is currently no evidence to support the routine use of weighted blankets or specialized mattress technology for improving disrupted sleep. If asked about weighted blankets, clinicians should counsel that the trial reported no serious adverse events with blanket use and that blankets could be a reasonable nonpharmacologic approach for some individuals.
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“clinicians may recommend the use of melatonin which is usually well tolerated and has a low incidence of side effects [59].”
From An Update on Psychopharmacological Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder (2022) · cites this paper as [59]
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Yu, J., Deki-Arima, N., Saito, Y. C., Furutani, N., Nishiyama, M., Nakayama, K. I., Niwa, Y., Hirano, A., & Sakurai, T. (2025) · Frontiers in Sleep · doi:10.3389/frsle.2025.1614100
Nouh, F. M., Miqdadi, A. I., Alhadidi, M. M. B., Nashwan, A. J., Ibrahim, A. I. A., Zayed, D. A., AL-hrinat, J., Hendi, A., & Aziz, R. E. A. (2025) · Journal of Pediatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2025.11.041
Metadata
- Authors
- Williams Buckley, A., Hirtz, D., Oskoui, M., Armstrong, M. J., Batra, A., Bridgemohan, C., Coury, D., Dawson, G., Donley, D., Findling, R. L., Gaughan, T., Gloss, D., Gronseth, G., Kessler, R., Merillat, S., Michelson, D., Owens, J., Pringsheim, T., Sikich, L., Stahmer, A., Thurm, A., Tuchman, R., Warren, Z., Wetherby, A., Wiznitzer, M., & Ashwal, S.
- Affiliations
- From the Pediatrics and Developmental Neuroscience Branch (A.W.B., T.G., R.K., A.T.), National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurological Sciences (D.H.), University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.O.), McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada; Department of Neurology (M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Developmental Pediatrics (A.B.), Our Special Kids Pediatric Care, Los Angeles, CA;...
- University of Vermont (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Neurology
- Published
- 2020-03-03
- Volume
- 94
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 392-404
- ISSN
- 0028-3878 (ISSN-L)
- 1526-632X
- PMC
- PMC7238942
- OpenAlex
- W3006087000
- Cited by
- 228
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 33 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 18
- FWCI
- 27.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P50HD093074)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, insomnia, sleep disorders, children and adolescents, melatonin, behavioral sleep interventions, sleep hygiene, weighted blankets, nutraceuticals, pharmacotherapy
- MeSH terms
- Autism Spectrum Disorder, Adolescent, Child, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
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