Short- and long-term health consequences of sleep disruption
Open accessAbstract
Sleep plays a vital role in brain function and systemic physiology across many body systems. Problems with sleep are widely prevalent and include deficits in quantity and quality of sleep; sleep problems that impact the continuity of sleep are collectively referred to as sleep disruptions. Numerous factors contribute to sleep disruption, ranging from lifestyle and environmental factors to sleep disorders and other medical conditions. Sleep disruptions have substantial adverse short- and long-term health consequences. A literature search was conducted to provide a nonsystematic review of these health consequences (this review was designed to be nonsystematic to better focus on the topics of interest due to the myriad parameters affected by sleep). Sleep disruption is associated with increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, metabolic effects, changes in circadian rhythms, and proinflammatory responses. In otherwise healthy adults, short-term consequences of sleep disruption include increased stress responsivity, somatic pain, reduced quality of life, emotional distress and mood disorders, and cognitive, memory, and performance deficits. For adolescents, psychosocial health, school performance, and risk-taking behaviors are impacted by sleep disruption. Behavioral problems and cognitive functioning are associated with sleep disruption in children. Long-term consequences of sleep disruption in otherwise healthy individuals include hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, weight-related issues, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and colorectal cancer. All-cause mortality is also increased in men with sleep disturbances. For those with underlying medical conditions, sleep disruption may diminish the health-related quality of life of children and adolescents and may worsen the severity of common gastrointestinal disorders. As a result of the potential consequences of sleep disruption, health care professionals should be cognizant of how managing underlying medical conditions may help to optimize sleep continuity and consider prescribing interventions that minimize sleep disruption.
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Sleep disruption is a symptom of TBI that can affect other known outcomes of injury.
“Sleep disruption is a symptom of TBI that can affect other known outcomes of injury because a lack of proper sleep disrupts healthy living.10–15”
From Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury on the Orexin/Hypocretin System (2025) · cites this paper as [13]
The Short-term health consequences section (page unavailable) reports that sleep disruption can affect mood, cognition, memory, and performance, supporting the general point that poor sleep can affect health-related outcomes. But the paper does not identify sleep disruption as a symptom of TBI or establish its effects on outcomes specifically following TBI; searches for TBI and traumatic brain injury found no such passage. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSleep problems are an established risk factor for poorer emotional health.
“Computer and videogames can also be linked to sleep problems in adolescents (Hale and Guan, 2015), which is an established risk factor for poorer emotional health (Medic et al., 2017).”
From Reciprocal associations between screen time and emotional disorder symptoms during adolescence (2019) · cites this paper as Medic et al., 2017
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Ryu, H., Lee, S., Lee, G. H., CHUNG, Y., & Kim, W. S. (2016) · Clinical Otolaryngology · doi:10.1111/coa.12659 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Sleep in family caregivers of patients admitted to hospice: A pilot study
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Sleep Disturbances and Cause-Specific Mortality: Results From the GAZEL Cohort Study
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The Burden of Restless Legs Syndrome
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Disturbed sleep among adolescents living in 2 communities on the Texas-Mexico border, 2000-2003.
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Flagged first, then by citations
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Sleep problems during the COVID-19 pandemic by population: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Jahrami, H., BaHammam, A. S., Bragazzi, N. L., Saif, Z., Faris, M., & Vitiello, M. V. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.8930 · Cited by 751 · see citing works
Sleep Loss Can Cause Death through Accumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species in the Gut
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Interplay between social media use, sleep quality, and mental health in youth: a systematic review
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Gut microbiome diversity is associated with sleep physiology in humans
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The effect of caffeine on subsequent sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis
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“Sleep is an essential component of physical and emotional wellbeing [1].”
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Sleep disturbances and dementia risk: a multicenter study
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Automating sleep stage classification using wireless, wearable sensors
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Reciprocal associations between screen time and emotional disorder symptoms during adolescence
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“Computer and videogames can also be linked to sleep problems in adolescents (Hale and Guan, 2015), which is an established risk factor for poorer emotional health (Medic et al., 2017).”
BackgroundExploring stress, coping, and health outcomes among social workers
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Sleep and PTSD in the Military Forces: A Reciprocal Relationship and a Psychiatric Approach
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Psychological Stress: A Predisposing and Exacerbating Factor in Periodontitis
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Behavioral and Psychological Factors Affecting Weight Loss Success
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Effects of sleep hygiene education for insomnia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
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Health effects of COVID-19 for vulnerable adolescents in a randomized controlled trial.
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Worry and rumination have distinct associations with nighttime versus daytime sleep symptomology
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Meta-narrative review: the impact of music therapy on sleep and future research directions
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Sleep-deprived cognitive impairment in aging mice is alleviated by rapamycin
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Insomnia in Children Affected by Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Role of Melatonin in Treatment
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Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury on the Orexin/Hypocretin System
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- Authors
- Medic, G., Wille, M., & Hemels, M.
- Corresponding author
- Hemels, Michiel
- Venue
- Nature and Science of Sleep
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2017-05
- Volume
- Volume 9
- Pages
- 151-161
- ISSN
- 1179-1608 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5449130
- OpenAlex
- W2615609848
- Cited by
- 1,776
- References
- 99
- Citations by year
- 2026: 226 · 2025: 297 · 2024: 280 · 2023: 257 · 2022: 261 · 2021: 211 · 2020: 131 · 2019: 79 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 5 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 10.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature and Science of Sleep (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Dove Medical Press (Taylor and Francis Group) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Funders
- Horizon Pharma
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- sleep disruption, sleep quality, health effects, sympathetic nervous system, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, circadian rhythm, inflammation, stress responsivity, somatic pain, quality of life, mood disorders, cognitive impairment, adolescents, children, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, colorectal cancer, all-cause mortality, gastrointestinal diseases, sleep disorders
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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