The DOI matches its Crossref record; 27 of the 27 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Biallelic TSC gene inactivation in tuberous sclerosis complex
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: A pivotal developmental question is whether tubers in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) form by germline and somatic TSC1 or TSC2 gene mutations. Loss of TSC1 or TSC2 in vitro and in vivo leads to mTORC1 cascade activation and ribosomal protein S6 phosphorylation (P-S6). Giant cells (GCs) in tubers exhibit S6 phosphorylation, suggesting cell-specific loss of TSC gene function. METHODS: TSC1 and TSC2 gene mutations were investigated in DNA extracted from tuber sections (n = 6) and microdissected P-S6-labeled GCs by sequencing and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis to define germline and somatic mutations. RESULTS: A germline TSC1 mutation was defined in 1 case and TSC2 mutations were defined in 5 cases. LOH was not detected in whole tuber sections or microdissected P-S6-labeled GCs. TSC1 and TSC2 were sequenced in microdissected P-S6-immunolabeled GCs. In 5 specimens, a somatic mutation was identified in single GCs that was not detected in whole tuber sections or leukocyte DNA. Four somatic mutations were novel variants (1 nonsense and 3 missense mutations) and 1 additional nonsense somatic mutation was previously reported as a germline mutation. In 1 case, no somatic mutation was identified. There was reduced expression of TSC1 or TSC2 transcripts in the TSC1 or TSC2 associated specimens. In the cases containing a nonsense mutation, no transcript mRNA was detected, suggesting nonsense-mediated degradation. CONCLUSIONS: We provide evidence to support the hypothesis that tubers form by biallelic TSC1 or TSC2 gene inactivation reflecting a "2-hit" mechanism of germline and somatic mutational events. AML = angiomyolipoma; DN = dysplastic neuron; FFPE = formalin fixed, paraffin embedded; GC = giant cell; H-E = hematoxylin and eosin; LOH = loss of heterozygosity; TSC = tuberous sclerosis complex.
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“Second-hit mutations are frequently observed in TSC-related hamartomas and have been identified in some resected tubers from patients14,21,22,23.”
From mTORC1 drives cell-autonomous astrocyte reactivity in tuberous sclerosis (2026) · cites this paper as [22]
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TSC2 is phosphorylated and inhibited by Akt and suppresses mTOR signalling
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The Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
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Self-citationIdentification of the Tuberous Sclerosis Gene TSC1 on Chromosome 9q34
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Tsc tumour suppressor proteins antagonize amino-acid–TOR signalling
Gao, X., Zhang, Y., Arrazola, P., Hino, O., Kobayashi, T., Yeung, R. S. W., Ru, B., & Pan, D. (2002) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/ncb847 · Cited by 689
Regulation of neuronal morphology and function by the tumor suppressors Tsc1 and Tsc2
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Henske, E. P., Jóźwiak, S., Kingswood, J. C., Sampson, J. R., & Thiele, E. A. (2016) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/nrdp.2016.35 · Cited by 886
Lipton, J. O., & Şahin, M. (2014) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.09.034 · Cited by 771
D’Gama, A. M., Woodworth, M. B., Hossain, A. A., Bizzotto, S., Hatem, N. E., LaCoursiere, C. M., Najm, I., Ying, Z., Yang, E., Barkovich, A. J., et al. (2017) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2017.11.106 · Cited by 333
The mTOR signalling cascade: paving new roads to cure neurological disease
Crino, P. B. (2016) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2016.81 · Cited by 368
Self-citationmTOR signaling and its roles in normal and abnormal brain development
Takei, N., & Nawa, H. (2014) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2014.00028 · Cited by 317
Metadata
- Authors
- Crino, P. B., Aronica, E., Baltuch, G., & Nathanson, K. L.
- Affiliations
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam (NL)
- Venue
- Neurology
- Published
- 2010-05-25
- Volume
- 74
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 1716-1723
- ISSN
- 0028-3878 (ISSN-L)
- 1526-632X
- PMC
- PMC2882213
- OpenAlex
- W2109996787
- Cited by
- 153
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 7.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Neurology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Universiteit van Amsterdam
- Erasmus Medisch Centrum
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA118871, R01CA114478)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS048557, R01NS045021)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics (clinical) › Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Genetic and rare skin diseases.
- Keywords
- tuberous sclerosis complex, TSC1, TSC2, germline mutations, somatic mutations, two-hit mechanism, tuberization, mTORC1 signaling, S6 phosphorylation, giant cells, loss of heterozygosity, nonsense mutation, missense mutations, nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, transcript expression
- MeSH terms
- Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 1 Protein, Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2 Protein, Adolescent, Brain, DNA Mutational Analysis, Exons, Female, Humans, Male, Mutation, RNA, Messenger, Tuberous Sclerosis, Loss of Heterozygosity, Tumor Suppressor Proteins, Ribosomal Protein S6, Microdissection
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